5 ■

7'i

A Ar . A. 'jR Ty

HARVARD UNIVERSITY.

LIB RAR Y

MUSEUM OP OOMPAKATIVE ZOOLOGY.

GIFT OF

ALEX. AGASSIZ.

^S\\\\,

ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE

MUSEUM OF COMPAKATIVE ZOOLOGY,

AT HARVARD COLLEGE.

No. vn.

REVISION OF THE ECHINI.

ALEXANDER AGASSIZ,

IN FOUR PARTS.
PLATES.

UNIVERSITY PRESS, CAMBRIDGE,

WELCH, BIGELOW, & CO.

1872-1873.

*N

rf^

CONTENTS.

Platks. — A, B, C, D, E, F, G, I, P, P, P, P, P, I/, P, II, IP, IP, IP, III, IIP, IIP,

IIP, IIP, IX, iv«, IV', V, V", V*, VI, vp, VII, VIP, VIII, VHP, VHP, viip,

IX, X, X", XI, XP, XP, XP, XP, XP, XI/, XII, XIP, XIP, XIP, XII'', XIII,
XIIP, XIIP, XIIP, XIIP', XIIP, XIII/, XIV, XIV, XV, XV°, XVI, XVII, XVIII,
XIX, XIX», XIX', XIXS XX, XXI, XXI°, XXP, XXP, XXII, XXIII, XXIIP,
XXIV, XXV, XXVT, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII, XXXIII,
XXXIV, XXXV, XXXVI, XXXVII, XXXVIII.

(inNETT-FOTJK PLATES.)

EREATA,

On p. 242, to Explanation of PI. D, add Echinothrix.
" " " " " " E, " Metalia.
On PL C, for Moera read JIoira.
On PI. D, under Maretia add Echinothrix.
On PL E, under Brissus add Metalia.
Add, in Explanation of PL VI.,

15" Diadema setosum (juv.).

24 Toxopneustes pileolus.
In Explanation of PL VIII.,

for Temnopleunis Reynaudi,/ 22-25, read/. 22-24'.
" " HardwickU,/. 26, read/ 25 - 28.

INDEX

OF THE PLATES OF PARTS I.-IV.

Agassizia Val., 80, 353, 594,* PL E. Brissus Kl., 9G, 35G, 590, PL E.

Aii<isxizii, excentrica A. Ac, 88, 353, 594, Pis. Brissus carlnalus GnAY, 96, 596, Pis. XXI' ;

A//.- XIV. xxv: XX vr.

Agassizia scrobiculata Yal., 88, 594, Pis- Brissus uiiicolor Kl., 97, 357, 598, P/s. AAV/ ;

A/A"; A/A'. XXX VJ I.

Amblypneustes Agass., 88, 478, PI. C. Centrostephanus Pkt., 97, 409, PI. D.

Ainh'i/putiisles formosus VaL., 88, 479, PI. Cc-ntroslepliainis i;,„l,/ersii A. Ac, 98, 41-2, Pis.

rill'. Ill'': XXI v.

Amblypneustes grlsciis Agass., 89, 480, PI. CidailS Kl., 98, 252, 384, PI. C.

XXXVIII. Cidarhi melularia Bl., 98, 385; Pis. I<^ : I?:
Amhii/pneusles ovum. Agass., 89, 480, PI. VIII'. A'A'AT.

Amhiijpneusles pentagonus A. Ac, 89, 482, PL OWans Thouarsii Val., 98, 385 ./'/,«. /'^ ,- AAA F;

VIII'. XXXVIII.

Arachnoides Kl. 90, 528, PL C. Cidark Uibuloiles Bl., 99, 253, 386, Ph. I*: P ;
Arachnoides placenta Agass., 90, 530, PI. Xllfl. II: II' : VI: XXVI II : AAAF; XXXVIH.

Arbacia Gr.^y, 90, 263, 399, PL F. Clypeaster Lamk., 99, 306, 510, PL C.

Ailjficia ni(jra, A. Ac, 91, 401, PI. I?. Clijpeaster humilis A. Ag., 100, 510, PI. XI'.

Arha-cia. punctulala Gray, 91, 263, 402, Pis. II : Clupcasler sculifonuis Lamk., lOl, 512, PI. Xlllf.

V: VI; XXVI: AA'AT; AAAI7//. Clypcasfer suhdepressus Agass., 101, 300, 513, /"/••.■.
Arbacia puslulosa Gray, 92, 402, Pis. Is ; 11"; XH ; XP ; Xlf ; XII'' ; Xlllf : XXV ; XXIX;

V: XXVII: XXXVIII. AAA.

Arbacia spatulkjera A. Ag., 93, 403, PL XXXV. Coelopleurus Agass., 102, 267, 406, PL C.

AsthenOSOma Grube, 93, 272, 422, PL E. Coelopleurus floridanus A. Ag., 102, 267, 406, PL
Asthenosoma lujsirix A. Ag., 93, 273, 422, Ph. IP : II'.

XXXVIII. Colobocentrotus Br., 102, 423, PL B.

Asthenosoma varium Grube, 93, 422, PL XXIV. Colobocentrotus alralus Br., 102, 424, Ph. Ill'' :
Astriclypeus Verrill, 93, 538, PL C. XXXVI; XXXVIII.

Astriclypeus Manni Verrill, 93, 539, PL Colobocentrotus Mertensii Br., 103, 42G, PL

XIII''. III''.

Astropyga Gray, 94, 417, PL C. Diadema Schynv., 103, 274, 408, PL C.

Aslropqija puh-inala Agass., 94, 418, Ph. IIP; Diadema mexicanum A. Ag., 103, 408, PL

1 1 IK XXXVIII.

Astropyga rnf/ia/a Gray, 94, 420, P/. AA/r. Diadema )'elosu7n Gray, 103, 274, 408, Pis. IP:
Breynia Des., 95, 578, P/. 7). LL' : IV" ; VI: VI" ; XXIV; XXVII;

Brei/nia Australasiae Gray, 95, 578, Ph. XV" : XXVIII.

XXV: XXVI. Dorocidaris A. Ac, 104. 254, 380, PL D.

BriSSOpsiS Agass., 94, 354, 593, PL F. Dorocidaris popillnia A. Ac, 104, 254, 386, Ph.
Brissopsis hjrifera Agass., 95, 354, 594, Ph. XIX : I ■ P ■ I' ■ U" • H'' i H' ■" XXIV.

XXI ; XXXVIII. Echinanthus Breyn., 106, PL C.

* The numbers refer to the Synonym}- and descriptions in the text. Parts I. - III.

2 INDEX OF PLATES.

EcMnanthusrosaceusGRAY,lOG,S\l,5U,Pls. XI'^; Echinothrix Pet., 119, 413, PL D*

Xli; Xlf; XIII; XXV; XXVII ; XXVIII ; EclunolhrU calamaris A. Ac, 119, 413, Pis. Ill" ;

XXXVII. XXXV.

EchinarachniUS LeskE, 107, 315, 524, PL Echinothrix turcarmn Pet., 120, 41C, Ph. 11":

jj III" ; XXIV.

Ecliinarachnius excentrlcus Val., 10", 524, PI. EchinuS RoxD. (Lix.), 121, 293, 489, PL C.

XIII". Eck'mu.f acutus Lamk., 121, 489, Ph. VII";

Echinaraclinius mimhiUs A. Ac, 107, 52G, Ph. XXV.

XIII" : A.YA'I77. Echhiu.t anffidosus A. Ac, 121, 489, PI. VII".

EcIunnmcJinlus parma Gray, 107, 31G, 528, Ph. Echinus ele;ians (^Biib. o. Koi.), 12-2, 401, PL VII".

XM : XI' : XII : XXV; XXVI; XXXI. Echinus escuk-ntus Lix., 122, 491, PL VII".

EchinobriSSUS Breyn., 108, 555, PL C. Echinus gracilis A. Ac, 123, 293, 492, Ph. VI",

Echiuohrissus recens D'OitB., 108, 556, Ph. XIV"; ^'^^■

X\I''- \\'\]'III. Echinus microtuberculatus Bl., 124, 4^4, Ph.

Echinocardium Gray, 109, 349, 580, PL F. ^ \{ ■ ^'"" ■ ^''''■

„ ,. ,. ^ , r-„ „ lAn con d; -tcAoiHs miliaris Mull.. 125, 495, P/. A'A'F.

Echiiutcardium australe Guay, 109, 580, PL ,,.>.•.

.,.....,.. Echinus norvegicus Dub. o. Ivor., 125, 29C, 49C,

PI VI"

Echinocardium cordalum Gray, 109, 349, 580, Pis. _

XIX: XX: XXV: XXXIII. Encope Agass., 126, 324, 544, PL E.

Echinocardium jlavesccns A. Ag., 110, 351, 580, Ph. ^""'P' ^'"^"•//'««"' Agass., 1 2G, 325, 545, Ph. XII ;

XX: XXV. XII»:XI1^.

Echinocardium medilerrancum Gray, 110, 580, Ph. ^"'=°P^ ^randis Agass., 127, 545, PL XIIPl.

\XV- WVI Encope Michelini Agass., 127, 329, 54 7, Ph.

7?f/((«ocn/v7/Hm pennatifidum Norm., 111,351, 581, " ' ' ' *

Ph. XX; XXXII. Eupatagus Agass., 128, 572, PL C.

Echinocyamus Vax Phel., Ill, 304, 505, Eupatagus Valenciennesu Ag., 128, 572, PL

PL JJ. '^ ' "■

„,. ■„ n ,,, on. rn- n, Evechinus c/i/oTO/(cus Verrill, 128, 502, P/./F'' ;

Echinocijamus pusdtus Gray, 111, 304, 50o, Ph. .„

„',.'■'. ■ -„ no n, r. Faorina Gray, 129, G07, /■/. C.

Echinodiscus BreyxX., 112, PA Z). „ . ,. ^, '

„,. ,. .^ - ,,^ -o, D7 i-,„ Faorina chiuensis Gray, 129, G07, P;. A'/A'".

Echinodiscus auritus Leske, 112, o31, Ph. XI": .r,-, , . ^ , ,„ _ ,

-^^^j, . ' ' Fibularia Lamk., 129, 50G, PL D.

Echinodiscus biforh A. Ag., 113, 532, Ph. XlII^ : ^'""'^"'■''' australis Desml., 129, 50G, PL XIII.

WXVII Fibularia orulum Lamk., 129, 507, PL XI IP.

Echinolampas Gray, 114, 335, 551, PL C. <^oniocidaris Des., 131, 395, PL E.

Echinolampas depressa Gray, 114, 335, 551, PL ^-""'""''«™ canaliculata A. Ag., 131, 395, Ph. P :

^^yj Is: XXIV.

Echinolampas Hellei Val., 114, 552, Ph. XV; <^°niocidaris geranioides Ag., 131, 39G, Ph. P;

Xya_ Is: XXIV; XXXV.

_ , . ^ ^, ^„ K ,,^ ^o-. Onniocidarhtubaria'Lv^K..,lZ\,Z01, Ph. P ; P.

Echmometra Roxdel. (Breyx.), 115, 282, Hemiaster Des., 132,585, PL K

' ■ '■ Ilcmiasltr australis A. Ag., 132, 58G, PL XXP.

Echinomcra lucunler Bl., 115, 431, Ph. IV : VI. jf,„aaster caoernosus A. Ag., 132, 587, PL XJ

Echinomcra oUonga Bl., IIG, 433, PL XXXVI. Uemipedina cuhensh A. Ag., 132, 291, 488, Ph

Echinometra suhangularh Desml., IIG, 283, 434, YVYf/

Ph. X": A'A'T/. Heterocentrotus Br., 133, 427, PL D.

iie/(i/iome(ra viridis A. Ag.. 117, 284, 435, P;. A'" ; „, , , •„ V.

,...„, ' ' ' ' Heterocentrotus mammdlalus Br., 133, 428, P/.s-.

"■ IIP; XXVI : XXXVI.

EchinoneusV..xPHEL., 117,332,550,P/. 7). Heterocentrotus U-i,,onarius Br., 134, 430, PL

EchinnnJus cyclostomus Leske, 117, 550, Ph. j/jd ,. j'/.

A7F; XIV". Hipponoe Gray, 134, 301, 500, PL E.

Eclnnan,us^,„ilunaris Lamk., 118, 333, 550, Ph. jj;^,^,„„„, „,„,,„,„ ^_ ^^__ ,3.^ 3,,^ ,,,_ p^ ,.^ .

■ ■^•^-^' '''■ VI": VIII.

Echinostrephus A. Ac, 119, 457, PL D. . ^ . . . ,

r-.i- ,7 I . . * Omitted 111 Lists of P;. i), P- 242, also .It bottom of P^

Echmostrenhus molare A. Ag., 119, 457, Pte. T" • n tk- u m ',.,,.,.

„. ■' ' ■"">'*'" J -TK.. f , o. This genus has the same geographical distribution .IS

Pseudoboletia, Pliyllacanthus, Mareti.T-

.YP.

INDEX OF PLATES. 3

Hipponne variegata A. Ac, 135, 501, Ph. I]'i>- Neolampas rostellata A. Ac, 147, 340, 5:>\. PI.

-v-vr. .wir.

Holopneustes Aoass., 136, 48i3, P/. C. Nucleolites Lamk., 147, 557, PI. C.

Jliilopiuiisks porosissimus Agass., 13(>, 484, PI. .\»r /t»/(7,.v epigonus Maut., 14 7, 558, P/. A'/A''.

^'^^^'- Paleostoma Loven, 147, 582, PI. V.

n..l„pncustcs purpurescens A. Ac, 13G, 485, Ph. Paleostoma mlmbilh Lov^x, 147, 583, P!.

Homolampas A. Ac, 137, 347, 562, PL E. parasalenia A. Ac, 148, 435, PA D.

Homolampas fragdh A. Ao., 137, 348, 562, PL Parasalenia gratioBa A. Ac, 148, 435, Ph. Ill'';

X]II. yj

Laganum Kl., 137, 516, PL D. PeroneUa Guav, 148, 520, PL C.

Laganum Bonani Kl., 137, 517, PL XIIP. y,„,„„,„„ ,,,,ayonaUs A. Ac, 148, 520, Ph. XIII' .■

Lwiainiin depressum Less., 138, 518, P/a-. A7///; WWII

XXXIII. PeroneUa Pemnii Gray, 149, 522, PL XIII'.
Linthia Mer., 138, G04, PA C. ,,, „ ^, „ \ .n\c^ „, ,.

,. ,. . ,. . . Phyllacanthus Br., 149, 387, P. I).

Lmthia amtrahs A. Ac, 138, COS, Ph. XIX- : ,„ „ , ,• • . . , ,

,.,..j I'hiillticaiilhax (innulijtra A. Ac, 150, 387, PL I".

_ " " '. -r, i.,n r.., T,, „ Pliyllacanlhm baculom, A. Ac, 150, 388, Ph. p ;

Lovenia Des., 139, 574, PL E. j, . jj- . x\iv ■ YVYF

Lo.enia eh,u,nla Gray, 139, 575, Ph. XIX^ : PhyUacaiithus dubia Br!, 150, 389, P/.v. P; /«;

A-AI'.- AAT/,- A'AIV/,- A'AT///. J/. , , , , ,

Maretia Gray, 139, 568, PL D. PhjUacanlhu^ rjigaiUca A. Ac, 150, 390, PL I";

Maretia pUinulata Gray, 140, 570, Ph. XIX'' : J'-

A'AT, A'AT/. Phyllacanthus impci-ialis Br., 151, 391, Ph. P ;

Mellita Kl., 140, 319, 534, PL E. '■''■

Midlila longifissa Mich., 140, 535, PL XI. Phijllacanlhus vertkiUata A. Ac, 151, 392, Ph. P ;

Mellila sexforh A. Ac, 141, 320, 536, Ph. XI ; ^•^■

A'K PJiipiioaoma crenulare A. Ac, 151, 487, Ph. VI;

Mellita SloJcesii A. Ac, 141, 536, PL XIII''. VII"; XXV; XXXVI; XXXVIII.

Mellita testudinata Kl., 141, 322, 538, P/6-. A'/; Platybrissus Roemeri Grube, 152, 5G3, PL

Xll" : XIP. XXIK

Meoma Gray, 142, 358, 603, PL E. Pleurechinus hnthnjoiJes Agass., 152, 465.

Meoma grandis Gray, 142, 603, Ph. XXVI ; Podocidaris sculpta A. Ag., 152, 269, 405, PL

XXXIV. ' IV.

Meoma vciilricosa LiiTK., 143, 358,603, Ph. XX ; Porncidarh purpurata W. Thom., 152, 395, Ph.

XXII: XXVI; XXXVIII. ' I' : XXIV.

Mespilia Des. 143, 477, PL C. Pourtalesia A. Ac, 152, 344, 5G1, PL E.

MespUia cflohulus Agass., 143, 477, Ph. VI ; Pourtalesia miranda A. Ag., 152, 345, 561, PL

VHP; VHP; XXXVIII. ' XVHI.

Metalia Gray, 144, 360, 598, PL E.-' Pseudoboletia Trosch., 153, 454, PL D.

Mctalia maculosa A. Ac, 144, 598, Ph. XX P ; P-'""'"/"ilclia iii'/iaiia A. Aa., \53, 45G, PL V".

XXVI; XXXVIII. ' Rhynchopygus D'Orbig., 153, 342, 553,

Melalia pecloralh A. Ag., 144, 361, 600, PL XXI. PL E.

Metalia .<tlenians Gray, 145, 600, Ph. XXI" ; Rliijnchopi/rfus carihaearum Lutk., 153, 343, 553,

AA^. AAA//, XXXVII. Ph. XV: XXXVII.

Microcyphus Agass., 145, 466, PL I). Rhipxchopijgua pacificus A. Ag., 153, 554, Ph.

Mijcrocyphuss maculatus Agass., 146, 466, PI. XV" ; XXXII ; XXXIII.

VIII". Rhynobrissus pyramidalis A. Ac, 154, 590, PL

Microci/p/nis zigzag Agass., 146, 469, PI. VIIT'. XXIH".

Moira A. Ag., 146, 365, 615, PL C'.t Rotula Kl., 154, 540, PL D.

Moira f(?TO;)os A. Ag., 146, 365, 615, P/. A'A'///. Rotula Augusti Kl., 154, 541, Ph. XII P \

Neolampas A. Ac, 147, 340, 551, PL C. XXXIH.

. r, ■.. , • T-. r r., ^ Rotula Rumphii Kl., 155, 543, P/. A7/P.

♦ Omitted .1. List of P;. ff,, p. 242, also at bottom of />;. . , , . ■ • . . .- L, o„o n, jtt

E. This genus has the same geogr.aphical distribution as ''^"'';";" ''f'-V""" A. Ag., 15o, 261, 398, Ph. HI;

Bkissls. a A'A' I .

t Spelled MoEEA on map. Salmacis Agass., 155, 471, PL D.

4 INDEX OF PLATES.

Salmacis bicolor Agass., 156, 471, PI. VIII". Strongylocentrotus eunjtTirogrammus A. Ac, 163, 441,

HalmacU Dussumieri Agass., 156, 473, PI. VIII''. PL F».

Sa/maciVglobator Agass., 156, 473, P/. A'A'A'17//. ^trongnlocentrotus franciscanus A. Ag , 163,442,

Salmach rarispina Agass., 156, 475, PL VIIIl>. P'"- V" t VI.

Satmacia sulcata Agass., 156, 476, PU. VI ; VIII''. Stmnyylocenlrotus Gaimardi A. Ag., 163, 443.

Schizaster Agass., 157, 363, C09, PL F. Sironfiiilocentroiux glhhosus A. Ac, 1C4, 444.

Schizasler canaU/crus Agass., 157, 609. Ph. Strongylocentrotus liokhu^ Bu , 164, 446, PU.

XXI 1 1"; XXXIII. V''; XXIV.

Schizax/erfragills Agass., 157, 363, 6U, Pis. XXI- Slrompjlocenlrolus nudus A. Ag., 165, 448, P/.

XXVI. XXIV.

Schr.as'er PhUippii A. Ag., 158, 612, PL XXVI. Sirom/ylocentrolus purpuralus A. Ag., 165, 449, T'«y

Spatangus Kl., 158, 564, PL F. ^'^ > XXXVI.

Spalamju:, purpureus Leske, 158, 565, Pis. Xlf ; Strongylocentrotus lubcrctdatus Br., 165, 449,

XXIV- : XIX'^ : XXVI ; XXXII; XXXIV; ^'^'- '* ' XXXVI.

XXXVII ; XXXVIII. Temnechinus Forbes, 165, 285, 466, PI. E.

Spatangus Raschi Lov^.v, 159, 567, Ph. A'A'F.- Temnechinus iiiaculalvs A. Ag., 165, 285,466, PL

XXVI. VIII.

Spkaerechinus Australiae A. Ag., 159, 451, PL VI. Temncpleui'US AoASS., 166, 460, PL D.

Sphaereckinus granulans A. Ac, lo9, 452, Ph. V" : Tcmnn/ileui-us Ilanhcicldi A. Ag., 166, 460, Ph.

VI. VIII ; VIII" : XXV.

Sphaerechinus pulclierrimus A. Ag., 160, 453, PL Temnopleunis Reynaudi Agass., 166, 461, Ph.

VI. VIII: VIII".

Stephanocidaris hispinosa A. Ag., 160, 393, Ph. Temuopleurus loreumalicus Agass., 166, 463, PL

P: If. VIII".

Stomopneustes Ag.\ss., 161, .436, PI. D. Toxopneustes Agass., 167, 297, 496, PI. E.

Stomopneustes coWo/aWs Agass., 161, 437, P/s. Toxopneustes pilenhis Agass., 167, 497, Ph.

IV'': VI: XXIV; XXXVI. VIII''; XXV: XXXVIII.

Strongylocentrotus Bu., 161, 276, 438, PI. Toxopncustes variegnltis A. Ag., 168, 289, 500, Pis.

I). II; IV"; VI: VII; XXV.

Strongylocentrolus armiger A. Ag., 162, 439, PL Trigonocidaris A. Ag., 169, 289, 471, PL C.

V". Trigonocidaris albida A. Ag., 169, 289, 4 71, Ph.

Slrongylncenlrolus DrUhachiensh A. Ag., 162, 277, IV ; XXXVI.

441, Ph. IV"; VI; IX; X; XXIV; XXVII; Tripylus Phil., 169, 588, PI. E.

XXXVIII. Tripylus excavatus Phil., 169, 588, PL XXP.

ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY,

AT HARVARD COLLEGE.
No. VII.

REVISION OF THE ECHINI,

BY

ALEXANDER AGASSIZ.

PART I.

Plates A, B, C, D, E, F, G.

PART II.

Plates I, P, P, II, II", IP, IP, HI, IV, IV", V, VI, VP, VII, VIII, IX, X, X«, XI, XI",

XP, XP, XP, XP, XI/, XII, XIP, XIP, XIP, XIP, XIII, XIV, XIV", XV,

XVI, XVII, XVIII, XIX, XX, XXI, XXII, XXIIL

UNIVERSITY PRESS, CAMBRIDGE,

WELCH, BIGELOW, & CO.

1872.

ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE

OF THE

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY,

AT HARVAllD COLLEGE.

No. VII.
KEYISION OF THE ECHINI.

BT

ALEXANDER AGASSIZ.

PART III.

Plates P, F, K, III", HP, 111% HP, IV^ Y", V, VIP, VHP, VHP, VHP, XIIP,

XIIP, XIIP, XIII', XIIP, XIII/, XV», XIX«, XIX', XIXS

XXP, XXP, XXP, XXIIP.

PART IV.

Plates P, P, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI, XXXII,
XXXIII, XXXIV, XXXV, XXXVI, XXXVII, XXXVIII.

UNIVERSITY PRESS, CAMBRIDGE,

WELCH, BIGELOW, & CO.

1873.

^LlTVlLl

I

PI E.

spa cane "^

jSchizsster.

lu^nr r- r.r.r- . "

}

PLATE I.
Dorocidaris papillata.

1. Seen from abactinal side, with smootli spines.

2. Somewhat larger s]iecinien, denuded to show abactinal system.

3. Same from the actinal side.

4. Same in profile.

5. Profile of specimen with serrated spines.

(All Jigs, natural size.)

A, A OAS3JZ, JieriHon of the .EMiint.

PZ. I.

A. ^?OSKEL, Photo.

ATOtrican Photo-Reiief Co., Printers, Phiia.

PLATE 1".

Fhyllacanthus gigantea,
{Two thirds natural size.)

A A5a:;s;2;.Re\1tion of itie ?>lum.

;

cr.tel it'.

PLATE P.
Dorocidaris papillata.

Mediterranean. Nat. size.

A.Agassiz.Revisiou of llie Echini

PI

■ fjer ie-

Phyllacanthua baculosa, /. 34 - 3S.

34. Short, stout almctinal iiitonuiilmlaoral sjiine, coarsely serrated, flaring at tip.

35. Sliort, pointed, smooth, ahactinal interambulacral spine.

36. Short actiniJ iiiteranilmhieral spine.

36". Still shorter actinal interambulacral spine, flaring at tip, with lamellar fluting, magnified.

37. Long, pointed, fluted, and serrated interambulacral abactinul spine.

38. Short interambulacral abactinal spine, with lamellar serration towards tip.

Fbyllacanthus dubia, /. 39.

39. Large abactinal interambulacral spine.

PhyllaCcinthus verticillata, /. .JO - 4^.

40. 41. Large interambulacral abactinal spines.

40". Fig. 40 maguitiod, to show tlie gnuiular structure of the shaft, and the mode of formation
of the amiular swellings from large disconnected lamella;.

42. Smaller interambulacral actinal spine.

Stephanocidaris bispinosa, /. 4^.

43. Large abactinal interambulacral spine.

{All Figs, juitural size uidess otherwise stated.)

PLATE p.

Cidaris Thouarsii, f. 1- 5*.

1. Large interamlnilacral spine, very coarse granulation.
1°. Tip of spine of Fig. 1 seen endways.

2. Somewhat smaller interambulacral spine, granulation less distinct than in Fig. 1.

3. Pointed interambulacral spine, nearly smooth.

4. Pointed interambulacral spine near actinostome.

5. One of the flat triangular papillce (anibulacral spines).
5". Part of test, nat. size.

5*. Part of test of older specimen, showing the broad bare median interainbidacral space.

Goniocidaria canaliculata, f.G- S''.
6 - 8*. Interambulacral spines.

Goniocidaria tubaria, f. 9 - 14.

9, 10. Large abactinal interambulacral cupuliform spines.
11, 12. Smaller interambulacral actinal spines.

13. Large, pointed interamliulacral abactinal spine.

13". Lai-ge, cupuliform, spiny interambulacral abactinal spine magnified.

14. Smooth, pointed interambulacral abactinal spine.

Goniocidaria geranioides, /. 15-17.
Three different kinds of abactinal interambulacral spines.

Cidaria tribuloidea, /. 18-22.

18. Large, coarsely granular abactinal interambulacral spine.
18°. Tip of Fig. 18 magnified, in profile.

18*. Tip of Fig. 18 magnified, end view.

19. Smaller, pointed, and less granular abactinal spine.

20. Smaller, smooth, pointed abactinal spine.

21. Short, actinal, slightly granular spine.

22. Large, pointed, .smooth abactinal spine.

Cidaria metularia, /. 23-24''.

23. Large abactmal fluted spine.

23°, 23''. Profile and end view of same magnified.

24. Small, short, coarsely granular actinal spine.
24", 24''. Profile and end view of same magnified.

Dorocidaris papillata, /. 25-33.

25. Large, pointed abactinal interambulacral spine.

26. Somewhat smaller, less distinctly seiTated spine.

27. Small, pointed interambulacral spine near ambitus, with sharp serrations.
25°, 26*, 27°. Magnified parts of Figs. 25, 26, 27, to show serration.

28. Small, short actinal interambulacral spine.

Figs. 25 - 28 from the Meiliterranean.

29. 30, 31. Different, smooth, abactinal interambulacral spines.

32, 33. Flat, short, actinal interambulacral spines, with serrated edges.
Figs. 29 - 33, Florida Straits.

AAgassiz, Revision of the Echini,

Pi.

P Roetter del (H. Jith

Print by H W Lonefellow.

PLATE I-*.
Cidaris tribuloides.

Cape Verde Islands. Nat. size.

-J. AaA33IZ, Hrviaion of the £o}ttni.

Fl. . I'J

A. SoxRKl.. Ph-to.

American Phoio-Rdief Cn., Priiitcru, PMa.

Goniocidaris tubaria, /. ;W - SO.

li-2, 33. Lmge iibiictimd inteminbulaerul spines.

34, 35. Short, cuiiulifnnn, iibaclinal inti'nmilHilacial spines.

34". Miu;nitieil enil view o{ Ki^. 34.

3(i. Small actiual interamlmlacral spine.

Porocidaris purpurata, /. J7 - Jfl.

37. Lai>;e abactiual iiiteranibulacval pointed serrated spine, with the collar reaching hall

the length of the shaft.

38. Shorter, pointed, smooth interamViulacral abaclinal .spine.

39. Flattened, fluted, imd seiTated interamlnilacral abactinal spine, near ambitus.

4(1, 41. Large and small, flattened, pointed spines, with serrated edges, from the actinal

side.
40». Flat actinal spine, somewhat magnified.

PLATE P.

■ Phyllacanthus imperialis, /. 1-6.

1. Large abactinal interambulacral spme, fluted at tip.

1". Small abactinal interiuubulacral spine, fluted and banded.

2. Magnified end view of Fig. 1.

3. Large abactinal interambulacral spine, fluted at tip and banded.

4. Small actinal interambulacral spine.

5. 6. Magnified profile and tip of Fig. 3.

Phyllacanthus dubia, f. 7 - 10.

7. Long, smooth, abactinal interambulacral spine, slightly fluted at tip.

8. Short aliactinal interambulacral spine, fluted half-way from tip.

9. Short, smooth, pointed interambulacnil abactinal sjiine, very slightly fluted at tip.

10. Short, stout, abactinal interambulacral spine, fluted its whole length.

Phyllacanthus baculosa, /. 11 - 20".

11, 12. Large abactinal interambulacral spines, in-egularly serrated.

13. Long, pointed abactinal interamliulaeral spine, strongly serrated and fluted at tip.
13". Magnified base of Fig. 13.

14, 15. Magnified tip of Fig. 13, in profile, and end \dew.

16. Short abactinal interambulacral pointed serrated .spine.
16°. Magnified base of Fig. 16.

17. Short abactinal interambulacral smooth spine.

18. Shorter interambulacral flattened serrated spine, near ambitus.

19. Shorter, serrated at edges only, granular interambulacral actinal spine.

20. Short, sharp, pointed abactinal interambulacral thorny spine.
20«. Magnified base of Fig. 20.

Phyllacanthus annulifera, /. 21 - 26".

21. Large abactinal interambulacral spine, spiny and serrated, banded.

22. Small, smooth abactinal interambulacral spine, banded.

23. Short, stout, cupped actinal interambulacral spine.

25. Short, slender, cupped actinal interambulacral spine.

26. Small, slender, serrated interambulacral abactinal spine.
Se". Magnified base of Fig. 26.

Phyllacanthus gigantea, /. 27' - 31.

27. Long, spiny abactinal interambulacral spine.

28. Shorter abactinal interambulacral spine, with lamellar serration.

29. Short abactinal interambulacral spiny spine.

30. 31. Short actinal interambulacral spines.

A Agassiz. Revision of the Echini

Pl!.^

P Roetter del .et tiC-x

Pnnt by H W LongTellow

PLATE If.

Stepbanocidaris bispinosa, /. 1.

1. Seen from abactinal pole.

Ftayllacanthus imperialis, /. 2.

2. Seen in profile, nat. size.

Phyllacanthus verticillata, /. 3.

3. Seen from abactinal pole, two thirds nat. size.

PhyllacEmthus baculosa, /. 4, 5.

4. Seen in profile, two thirds nat. size.

5. Seen from abactinal pole, two thirds nat. size. .

Phyllacanthus dubia, /. 6, 7.

6. Seen from below, two thirds nat. size.

7. Seen in profile, two thii-ds nat. size.

A. Aa.iSSIZ, Rerition of the KrJifnJ.

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Am^can Fhoto-FelitJ Co.. Frinters, Phila.

PLATE I?.

Cidaris metularia, /. 1.

1. Seen from the abactinal pole.

Goniocidaris canaliculata, /. 2.

2. Seen in profile.

Goniocidaris geranioides, /. S, i.

3. Seen from the abactinul pole.

4. Seen in profile.

Arbacia pustulosa, /. 5.

5. Seen from the above pole.

Arbacia nigra, /. 6", 7.

6. Seen from the actinal side.

7. Seen from the abactinal pole.

{All Fir/s. natural size.)

.~i. AqASSJZ, 7?erfffto« cf the E<!hin1,

PZ, Iff-

A. SOXBEL, Fhoto.

ylmencan i'hoto-T'tht^ Co., Frintrrs, Phila.

PLATE II.
Cidaris tribuloides,/. J-3.

1. Seen in profile.

2. Seen from the actinal side.

3. Seen from the abactinal pole.

Arbacia punctulata,/ 4.

4. Seen from abactinal pole.

Toxopneustes variegatus,/ 5, 6.

5. Seen from above.

6. Seen in profile.

(All Jigs, natural size.)

Agassiz, Revision of ihe Echini

PI II

PLATE IP.

Dorocidaris papillata, f. 1-13.

1. Single jaw (pyramid) seen from outside of lantern.

1. Same in profile, showing striation of lateral face.

3. Base of pyramid (inside of lateral face) in profile.

4. " " " from interior of jaw.

5. Pyramid seen from above.

6. Part of upper end of pyramid side plate (exterior.)

7. « " " " " " " " (interior.)

8.

Upper part of pyramid in profile.

9.

Brace from inside.

10.

" " above.

9'.

Compass.

11.

Tooth seen from outside.

12.

" " " within.

13.

" " in profile.

Arbacia pustulosa, f. lH-i

15.

Single jaw (pyramid) seen from outside.

24.

Part of tooth from without.

16.

Same from within.

25.

Tooth seen from without.

17.

Same in profile.

26.

" " " within.

18.

" " " interior of lateral face.

27.

" " in profile.

19.

Pyramid from above.

28.

Brace from above.

20.

Upper part of pyramid in profile.

29.

" " below.

21.

" " " " " " side plate

(exterior.)

30.

" in profile.

22.

a (i (( i( t( (i (I i(

(interior.)

31-

- 33. Diflerent views of compass.

23.

Portion of lateral face.

Echinothrix turcarum, /. .

34. Pyramid, interior of lateral face, in pi'ofile.

35. " seen from outside.

36. " " in profile.

37. " " from above.

38. Upper part of pyramid.

39. Interior of upper part of pyramid.

40. Brace seen in profile.

41. Brace seen from below.

42. " " " above.
43-45. Compass.

46. Single tooth in profile.

47. " " from inside.

48. " " " outside.

Hipponoe variegata, / 49-61.

49. Single pyramid from without.

50. " " in profile.

51. " " " " interior of lateral fece.

52. Part of lateral face.

53. Upper part of pyramid (exterior.)

54. Pyramid from above.

55. Brace fi'om below.

56.

Brace in profile.

57.

Compass.

58.

Single tooth from outside.

59.

" " " inside.

60.

" "in profile.

61.

Brace from above.

(^AU Jigs, of jaips (^pyramids) natural size, others slightly magnijieil.)

A. Agassiz, Revision of the EcKini.

n.ii-

\':r.aiLTie: AAgatsiz ii.

Photo Plate?rmi

PLATE II*.

Dorocidaris papillata, /! i - 5.

1. Abactinal system, magnified '-^^.

2. Actinal membrane and part of adjoining test showing continuation of the ambulacral

system along the imbricated membrane, magnified IJi..

3. Same as fig. 2, seen from the interior of test

4. Interior view of abactinal system of fig. 1.

5. Interior profile view of part of test, to show auricles, magnified l^.

Diadema setosum, / G-10.

C. Abactinal part of test, showing abactinal system, magnified \Ji.

7. Same seen from interior of test

8. Actinal part of test adjoining the actinostome.

9. Same as fig. 8, seen from interior of test.
10. Same seen in profile, to show auricles.

A.Acat

n ir

■'-.■5 rt.iarttvpe

PLATE IP.

Asthenosoma hystrix, f. 1-5-

1. Part of test of young, from actinal side, S.l""- in diam.

2. Same from abactinal side.

3. Spine of the same.

4. Spine of fragment of fig. 5".

5. Transverse section of same.

b". Fragment of test of Astlienosoraa hystrix, magnified l^-.

Diadema setosum, /. 6 - 12.

6. Young in profile, showing anal tube, 2.4°'"- in diam.

6«. Pointed tentacles of adult Diadema, in abactinal part of poriferous zone.

Dorocidaris papillata, /. 7-12.

7. Young, partly denuded, from abactinal side, 2.4'«»- in diam.

8. Abactinal system of same, showing mode of growth of coronal plates.

9. Plates of buccal membrane, showing continuation of the poriferous zone, of same.

10. Magnified spine of buccal membrane of same, showing mode of articuhition.

11. Buccal membrane, nat. size, of larger specimen.

12. Edge of two buccal plates of large specimen, with spines and pores magnified.

Cidaris tribuloides, /. 13, IS''-

13. Young specimen, from abactinal side, 5.4"°' in diam.

13"- Actinal membrane of adult, showing continuation of poriferous zone and tentacles
from the edge of test to the teeth.

Coelopleurus floridanus, /. 7^, 15.

14. Restored spine of Coelopleurus, nat. size.

15. Transverse section of same, magnified.

A Agdssiz, Revision of the Echini,

PI ir

P Roetter. lithog

AlfexAgassiz.del

Print, by H W Longfellow,

PLATE III.

Hemipedina cubensis,/. 1-7.

1. Specimen, measuring 12. 7""' in diameter from above.

2. Same irom below, denuded.

3. Portion of test of same specimen.

4. Portion of ambulacral area, showing arrangement of pores.

5. Profile outline of test, nat. size.

6. Large pedicellaria, from test.

7. Young of same.

Salenia varispma,y; 8-1^.

8. From above, | nat. size.

9. From below, test denuded, same specimen.

10. Portion of ambulacral and interarabulacral part of the test, magnified.

11. Abactinal system and part of test, magnified.

12. Flat spine of medium interambulacral area.

13. One of the spines of the abactinal system.

14. Different small flat spines occupying the median ambulacral areas.

A.Ag-assu, Revision of the Echini.

Pl.III.

13

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#

-'a ■ V. '-U* ■'.- ■ '»}

?. Pjeoerlitlog-

llexJtgassh del .

Fi'iiitlyH.Wloiijfellow

PLATE III".

Echiuothrix calamaria, /. 1, 2.

1. Seen IVoin the iibaetiiial pule.

2. Seen in profile.

Echinothrix turcarum, /. S.

3. Seen from the abactiual pole.

Astropyga pulvinata, /. J^.

4. Seen from the abactinal pole.

I^All Figs, two thirds natural si:x.)

.-J. Agassis, JiefiMon of the iVifnf.

Pi. IIJ^-

A. SoxEF.r,, Photo.

Amenran Photc-P.dief Co., Fnniert, Fhi'a.

PLATE III\

Centrostephauus Rodgersii, /. 1-S.

1. Seen from the abactinal pole, j nat, size.

2. Profile of same, f nat, size.

'■i. Same from the actinal side, f nat. size.

Astropyga pulvinata, /. ^, 5.

4. Young seen in profile, nat. size.

5. Same seen from the abactinal pole.

A. AaASSm. Krtision of the Eelii)il.

Vt,. IlJi.

A. iOSKEL, FhoiO.

American Fhoio-Rdief Co.^ Printers, fhxla.

PLATE UK

Heterocentrotus mammillatus.

1.* (Upper Fig.) Seen from above.

2. (Middle Fig.) Seen from the actinal side.

3. (Lower Fig.) Seen in profile.

* The numbers liave accidentally been omitted in this Plate ; the figures quoted in the test correspond
to the figures in brackets.

A. Aa.iSSIZ, JierMon of the BeM7i(,

PL. Ill"-

A. ^os&tL, Fholo.

American Fhoto-HelifJ Co., rrintcrs, J'hila.

PLATE III''.

Farasalenia gratiosa, /. 1, 2.

1. Seen in profile.

2. Seen from the abactinal pole.

Colobocentrotus atratus, /. S.

3. Seen from the aliuutinal pole.

Colobocentrotus Mertensii, /. jj, 5.

4. Seen from the abactinal pole.

5. Seen Irom the actinal pule.

Heteroceutrotus trigonarius, /. G.

6. Seen from the abactinal pole, f nat. size.

(^AU Figs., except 6, natural she.)

.1. - 1 UASSIZ, Jieriaion of ihe EcJiir.l.

rz. JIJ'J-

A. SOSEEL, I'hctO.

Americnn Fhoto~r.tl\ef Co., Pnntcn, PhUa.

PLATE IV.

Trigonocidaris albida,/ 1-7.

1. Specimen measuring 12.7""'- in iliam. from above.

2. Same measuring li.?""- in diam. from aclinal side.

3. Part of test of same specimen, more highly magnified.

4. Spine of same specimen.

5. One of the pedicellaria; of test.

6. Younger specimen, measuring 4.75°'°- in diam. from above.

7. Portion of test of same specimen.

Podocidaris sculpta,/. S-15.

8. Specimen measuring II""- in diam. from above.

9. Anotlier specimen of about same size from actinal side.

10. The same in profile.

1 1 . Profile of a very large specimen, nat. size.

12. Portion of test of same magnified.

13. Portion of median interambulacral area of same, showing the tubercles, scrobicular

circles of pedicellariae.

14. Abactinal system of same.

15. Section of a principal spine near edge of test, greatly magnified.
IG. One of the pedicellarioe.

A.Agassia,Rj8vision ofthe Echini.

pi.rv.

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AiejtAgBssiz.del.

FrinLV'HW.Longfellow.

PLATE IV.

Diadema setosum, f. 1.

1. Seen in profile.

Strongylocentrotus Drbbachiensis, /. 2, 3, G.

2. Seen from abactinal pole.

3. Same, seen in profile.

6. Seen from actinal side ; nat. size.

Toxopneustes variegatus, f. i, 5.

4. Seen from abactinal pole.

5. Seen from actinal side.

(^All Jigs. I natural dze, except Jirj. G.)

A, A.OAS3JZ, Revision of tlw JSrIthii.

Pi.. IV"

A. SosBEL, Phalo.

Amcrirnn Photo-Rcfief Oi., rrinfcr», Philn.

PLATE IV-.

Stomopneustes variolaris, /. 1-3.

1. Seen from the actinal side.

2. Same seen in proiile.

3. Seen from tlie abactinal pule.

Echiuometra lucunter, /. 4'

. 4. .Seen from the abactinal pole, nat. size.

Hipponoe variegata, /. 5, 6.

5. Seen in profile.

6. Same from the abactinal pole.

Evechiuus chloroticus, /. ~.

7. Seen from the abactinal pole.

{All Fir/s., except 4, two thirds natural si'.vc.)

A. AOASSia, JfffiaJou of iJie iWiini.

rz. iv^-

PLATE V.

Arbacia punctulata, f. 1- IS.

1. Seen in profile, somewhat reduced, with the tentacles fully expanded.

2. Same, seen from above (part of test).

3. (Somewhat magnified) profile view of the abactinal part of the test, showing the pointed

tentacles.

4. A single disk bearing tentacle, one of the ten near the actinostome.

5. Cluster of gills.

6, 7. Pointed tentacles, from the flat side.

8. Pointed tentacle, from the narrow side.

9. Young, measuring 2.11""- in diameter, from above.

10. Abactinal system and part of test of specimen of nearly the same size as in fig. 9.

11. The same portion of test of a specimen very slightly older.

12. Spine of fig. 9, magnified.

13. Spine of specimen of the size of fig. 14.

14. Young specimen, measuring 4.2"°' in diam. from above.

15. Actinal view of same.

16. Young, measuring 7.5"°" in diam., first appearance of pedicellarite.

17. Spine of specimen of size of fig. 16.

18. Young, measuring lO.S""- in diam., having all features of adult.

Arbacia pustulosa, /. 19-21.

19. Young, measuring 4.0""- in diam. from above.

20. Young, measuring 3.1"". in diam. from above.

21. Young, measming 7.2""- in diam. from above.

A.Agassiz, Revision of the Echini

Pl.V,

P.RoeKsr lithog-.

AleK-Agassis del.

Pnnt.'byH.'W: Longfellow.

PLATE y-.

Strougylocentrotus armiger, /. /.

1. Seuu in pi'iifilf.

Strongylocentrotus euiythrogranimus, /. '^-4-

2. Seen in luufile.

3. Seen from actinnl side.

4. Seen frum tlie alwetinal pule.

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, /. ,*, G.

0. Seen from aliactinal side.
(i. Seen I'runi the actinal side.

Sphaerechinus granulans, /. 7.

7. Seen from the aliactinal pole, j nat. size.

Pseudoboletia Indiana, /. S, 9.

8. Seen from the actinal side.

9. Seen from the abactinal pcde.

Echinostrephus molare, /. 10-12.

1(1. Seen from the actinal side.

1 1 . Same in profile.

12. Seen from the aliactinal side.

(.4// J^iV/s., ein'pf 7, 'nninnd xhe.)

A* AOASSm, Herisioyi of i?ie ^cJthii.

Px. V^-

A. SOXBEI., 7*^0(0.

American Thoio-Reliff Co., Printas, Phita.

PLATE V*.

Strongylocentrotus franciscanus, /. 7, f.

1. Seen from the abactinal side, j nat. size.

2. Same from the actinostome, | nat. size.

Strongylocentrotus lividns, /. 3.

3. Seen from the abactinal side.

Strongylocentrolnis tuberculatus, /'. ^, 5.

4. Seen from the actinal side.

5. Seen from the abactinal side.

{Figs. 3-5 ludural six.)

A. AOASSIZ, Jierition of tJie BcMni.

PL. F»-

A. SOSBEL, Fhoio.

American Photo- Relief Co., Printers, rhila.

PLATE VI.

DIAGRAM OF THE PORIFEROUS ZONE OF THE PRINCIPAL GENERA OF DESMOSTICHA.

1. Mespilia globulus.

2. Phymosoma crenulare.

3. Phymosoma crenulare (abactinal extremity).

4. Echinus microtuberculatus.

5. Temnopleurus toreumaticus.

6. Salmacis sulcata.

7. Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.

8. Strongylocentrotus depressua.

9. Strongylocentrotus Drbbachiensis.

10. Strongylocentrotus franciscanus.

10°. Strongylocentrotus franciscanus (juv.).

11. Stomopneustes variolaris.

11". Stomopneustes variolaris (juv.).

12. Echinometra lucunter.

13. Heterocentrotus trigonarius.

14. Parasalenia gratiosa.
1.5. Diadema setosum.

16, 17. Sphaerechinus granularis.

18. Sphaerechinus Australiae.

19. Sphaerechinus pulcherrimua.

20. Echinostrephus molare.

21. Cidaris tribuloides.

22. Arbacia punctulata.

23. Toxopneustes variegatus.

25". Holopneustes purpurascens (j"v.).

25. Holopneustes purpurascens.

26. Amblypneustes.

27. Amblypneustes.

28. Hipponoe esculenta (juv).

29. Hipponoe esculenta.

30. Evechinus chloroticus.

A Ag"assiz, Revision of Lhe Echini.

PI VI.

P Roetter, Uthog.

A Agassiz,del.

Prmt.by K WLongfellow.

PLATE VI".

Hipponoe esculenta, /. 1-3.

1. Seen from actinal side, f nat. size.

2. Same seen from abactinal pole.

3. Young, from abactinal pole, nat. size.

Echinus norvegicus, / i.

4. Seen from abactinal pole, nat. size (from Cape Wrath).

Diadema setosum, /. 5.

5. Seen from abactinal pole, | nat. size.

Echinus gracilis, / 6.
G. Seen in profile, | nat. size.

.1. AOASSIZ, ReiHsloJi o/ f7>e JSoMni.

Fz. VI ^

A. SOSBKL, Phfito.

Ameriean rhoto-Relief Co., Pi-interv, Phila.

PLATE VII.

Echinus gracilis, / 1-6".

1. Abactinal system of specimen, measuring 10.5°"- in diam., magnified.

2. Part of test of same specimen magnified, showing arrangement of pores, and formation

of secondary and miliary tubercles.

3. Abactinal system of specimen, measuring 43""- in diam., magnified.

4. Part of test of same, magnified.

5. Abactinal system of specimen measuring r2.7°'°'- in diam., magnified.

6. Abactinal system of specimen somewhat larger {'^').
6». Abactinal system of large specimen \.

Toxopneustes variegatus, /. 7-22.

7. Specimen measuring 4.74"°- in diam. from actinal pole, magnified.

8. Magnified part of test of same specimen as fig. 7.

9. Same (fig. 7) seen from abactinal side.

10. Specimen measuring 6.2""- in diam. from abactinal pole, magnified.

11. Magnified part of test of same (fig. 10).

12. Spine of same, magnified.

13. Actinal side of same, magnified.

14. Specimen measuring 10.9"°- from actinal pole, magnified.

15. Magnified part of test of same (fig. 14).

16. Same specimen (fig. 14) from abactinal side.

17. Abactinal system of specimen, from Florida (3^5).

18. Abactinal system of specimen somewhat older (J).

19. Abactinal system of larger specimen (|).

20. Buccal membrane of same (^).

21. Portion of test of specimen, measuring SB""' in diam.

22. Portion of test of specimen, measuring 57""' in diam.

A Agassiz .Revision of the Echini

PI VII.

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Print. byH.W Longfellow

PLATE VII".

Echinus microtuberculatus, /. 1, 2.

1. Seen ill profile.

2. Seen from the iibactinal imle.

Echinus augulosus, /. ."?.

3. Seen from alim-e.

Echinus elegaus, /. J).

4. Seen from aliove.

Echinus acutus, /. 5.

5. Seen in prolile.

Echinus esculentus, /. 7.

7. Seen from above, f nat. .size.

Phymosoma crenulare, /. C, S, 0.

6. Seen in profile.

8. Seen from above.

9. Seen from the aetinal side.

(.4// Fir/s., except 7, natural she.)

-J. AqASSIZ, Bevision of fTte JEcJiUii.

Pi. V1I°-

A. So:tEEr^ Fhoio.

American rhoto-Helief Co-, frintcrs, riiila.

PLATE VIIl.

TemnecbinuB maculatus, f. 1 - IS.

1. Specimen from abactiiial pole, one half denuded, 12.7""". in diani.

2. Same, without spines, showing actinal cuts.

3. Abactinal system of same specimen, showing the large anal plate.

4. Magnified portion of test of same specimen.

5. Spine of same, magnified.

6. Pedicellaria of same, magnified.

7. Outline of specimen in profile.

8. Specimen somewhat younger, from above, measuring 7.2°"-

9. Same from actinal side.

10. Abactinal system of same specimen, magnified.

11. Magnified portion of test of same.

12. Magnified spine of same.

13. Auricle of same specimen.

14. Magnified portion of test of fig. 15.

16. Young specimen from actinal side, measuring 2.5°"' in diam.

16. Young specimen, pentagonal, flat, with Cidaris-like spines, seen from abactinal side,

measuring 0.8°"°- in diam.

1 7. Test of same denuded from actinal side.

18. Spine of specimen somewhat older.

Bcbiiius microtuberculatus,/. 10-21.

19. Y'oung specimen, measuring 5.1""- in diam., showing size of actinostome.

20. Magnified part of test of same.

21. Magnified part of test of younger specimen (2.1""- in diam.).

Temuopleurus Reynaudi, /. 22 - 25.

22. Part of test of specimen measuring 18.6"°' in diam.

23. Anal system of specimen measuring 7.9""- in diam.

24. Part of test of specimen of fig. 23.

24'. Abactinal system of specimen of fig. 22.

Temnopleurus Hardwickii, / S6.

25. Part of test of specimen measuring 7.9"°. in diam.

26. Part of test of specimen measuring ll»"- in diam.

27. Abactinal system of same (H""- in diam.).

28. Abactinal system of specimen measuring 7.9""- in diam.

Hipponoe esculenta, /. 29.

29. Arrangement of part of poriferous zone of young specimen.

Temnechinus globosus, /. 30.

30. Part of test of specimen measuring IS""- in diam. liom the Crag.

A.Agass iz, Revision of the Echini .

PI V!1I

L

? RoeltenJithog.

Alex-Agassiz.del

Prinlby H.W.Longfellow.

PLATE VIII".

Temnopleurus Hardwrickii, /. 1-3.

1. (Seen in profile.

2. Seen from above.

3. Seen Irom the actinal side.

Temnopleurus toreumaticus, /. 4, 3.

4. Denudeil, seen from above.

5. Young specimen from above.

Temnopleurus Reynaudi, /. C, 7.

C. Seen from the abactinal side.

7. In profile.

Microcyphus maculatus, /. S-10.

8. Large specimen in profile.

9. Somewhat younger, in profile.

10. Still younger, in profile.

Salmacis bicolor, /. 11, 12.

11. Seen from the actinal side.

12. From the abactinal pole.

Mespilia globulus, /. IS, IJf.

13. Seen from the abactinal pole.

14. Seen in profile.

{.All Fiys. natural dze.)

A , A OASSIZ, Jieriaioi) of the :EcMn !.

Pi. J'JIJ"-

A. So.\EEL, Photo.

Avjcrtcan Photo- belief Co., Frintern, Phila.

PLATE VIII''.

Tozopneustes pileolus, /. 1,2.

1. Seen from above. (Acapulco.)

2. Seen from the actiual side. (Acapulco.)

3

Salmacis sulcata, /. 3.

3. Seen from above, nat. size.

Salmacis rarlspma, f. Jf-6. \

4. Seen from above.

5. Seen in profile.

6. From the actinal side.

Salmacis Dnssumieri, /. 7, 8.

7. Seen from above, nat. size.

8. From the actinal side, nat. size.

{AU Figs, not marked | natural size.)

A. AGASSIZ, T<fA»ion of the tCehiyii

Fi. VIII''-

A- ?OXEEL, SflOtO.

American Fhoto-RcHef Co., Printers, yhila.

PLATE VI IK

Amblypneustes formosus, /. 1, 2.

1. Ovoid specimen in profile.

2. Spherical specimen in profile.

Amblypneustes ovum, /. 3, ^

3. Seen in profile.

4. Seen from the abactinal pole.

Holopneustes purpurescens, /. 5, 6.

5. Seen in profile.

6. Seen from the abactinal pole.

Amblypneustes pentagonus, /. 7, 8.

7. From above.

8. In profile.

Holopneustes porosissimus, /. 9, 10.

9. Seen in profile.

10. Seen from the abactinal pole.

Microcyphus zigzag, /. 11 - 13.

11. Seen in profile.

12. Seen from the abactinal pole.

13. Yovmg specimen seen in profile.

Mespilia globulus, /. IJ^.

14. Seen from the actinal side.

{All Figs, natural size.)

A. A0AS3IZ, RevitUm of the Echini.

rjL. virii"-

A. ?OSEKL, FhOiO.

American I'holo-FdieJ Co., Printers, Fhila.

PLATE IX.

Strongylocentrotus Drbbachiensis.

1. Young specimen immediately after resorption of Pluteus, greatly magnified, abacti-

nal side.

2. Specimen somewhat older, denuded (actinal side).

3. Abactinal view of young, having from 5 to 6 plates, magnified |.

4. Same from actinal side.

5. Same, magnified portion of ambulacral and interarabulacral space.

6. Abactinal system of young, measuring SM""- in diam.

7. Same specimen from the actinal side.

8. Abactinal view of specimen measuring 5.4°"°- in diam.

9. Magnified portion of test of same specimen.

10. Actinal view of same.

11. Abactinal view of specimen measuring 8.2°™. in diam.

12. The same seen from actinal side.

A Agassiz, Revision of Lhe Echini.

PL IX.

9 ^.

M

P RoeUer,litnog-

AlexAcassiZidel

Pnnc-by H.Vr'. Long-fello-^

PLATE X.

Strongylocentrotus Drobachiensia.

1. Specimen, nat. size, with tentacles fully expanded from abactinal side.

2. l.e""- in diam. including spines, wliere spines have assumed the shape of adult,

with pedicollaria and anal plate.

3. Specimen somewhat younger, having only five tentacles, from actinal side.

4. The same seen fi-om abactinal side.

5, 6. Expanded tentacles of adult, magnified.

7, 8. Pedicellariaj of the abactinal part of test.

9, 10. Pedicellariae round the actinostome.

11-13. Pedicellariae of abactinal part of test in different stages of growth.

14, 15. Pedicellariai of abactiual part of test, seen from above.

A. Agassiz , Revision of the IcMm .

HI.

■%.

P.Roetterlithog-.

AlexAgUBSiz del.

pTinl.byHW.Long-fellow.

PLATE X"-.

Echinometra viridis,/ 1.
1. Seen from abactinal pole, nat. size.

Echinometra subangularis,/. 2-4.

2. Seen from abactinal pole, nat. size.

3. Other specimen, nat. size, with more slender spines.

4. Same from actinal side.

A . A OA3SIZ, JieviMoyi of tJie Jiehini.

Pi. X»

Amtriean Photo-Relitf Co., Printtra, Phita.

PLATE XI.

Mellita sexforis, f-l- 12.

1. Young M. sexforis of a Laganum shape, no posterior interambulacral lunule seen from above, 2.4"""-

in Jiam.

2. Same from actinal side, deeply concave, showing commencement of hmule.

3. Young, showing first trace of posterior interambulacral lunule, from above, 4.0°'"- in diam.

4. Same from actinal side.

5. Rotulae of same magnified.

6. Posterior interambulacral lunule of specimen measuring 5.3"". in diam., magnified.

7. Young specimen, measuring 7 S""- in diam., from above.

8. Same from actinal side, no trace as yet of pits forming ambulacral lunules.

9. Young specimen, mciisuring lO.l"""- in diam., from above, showing trace of the ambulacral lunules all

unequally developed.

10. The same from below, showing the deep pits, unequal in size, forming the rudimentary lunules.

11. Young specimen, measuring 12.7°"»- in diam., with all the ambulacral lunules completely pierced

through and well formed.

12. Young specimen, measuring 38""' in diam., having all the the principal features of the adult.

Mellita testudiuata,/ 13-22.

13. Young, with scarcely a trace of notches and a well-formed posterior lunule; from above, nat. size.

14. Posterior part of test of same from above, magnified.

15. Somewhat older specimen than fig. 13.

16. Magnified portion of test of same fi-om above.

1 7. Magnified portion of test of same from below.

18. Young specimen, older than fig. 15, with a trace of notches, commencement of ambulacral lunules.

19. Young specimen, considerably older, with deep notches, nat size.

20. Kotulae, with part of poriferous zone, of fig. 18, magnified.

21. Part of ambulacral rosette of specimen measuring 60""- in diam.

22. Diagram of arrangement of pores of Mellita testudinata.

23. Diagram of arrangement of pores of Echinanthus rosaceus.

Mellita longifissa,/ ^4-^.

24. Young, nat. size, fi-om above; ambulacral notches commencing to close.

25. Part of test of same, magnified.

26. Young, nat. size, with ambulacral notches changed to lunules.

27. Part of test of same, magnified.

A.Ag-assiz.Revisioa of ttie Echini.

Pl.XI

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AJe^A^assiz del.

Print by HW.Lonffellow

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PLATE XI«.

Clypeaster humilis, f. 1-8.

1. The five jaws seen from abactinal side.

2. Same seen in pi'ofile.

3. Same seen from the actinal side.

4. One of the jaws in profile.

5. One of the jaws seen from the centre of mouth.

6. One of the jaws seen endwise.

7. Single lateral jaw seen from the actinal side.

8. The odd jaw seen from the actinal side.

Echinodiscus auritus, f. 9-13.

9. The five jaws seen from the abactinal side.

10. Same seen from the actinal side.

11. Single jaw seen from the actinal side.

1 2. Single jaw seen in profile.

13. Single jaw seen from the abactinal side.

{All jigs, natural size.)

^asslz, Revision of tip

Pl.XP

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toisir. e:.i.Aer-'

E ";';rr,ta'?t's^Ibfrtc~"

PLATE XI».

Clypeaster subdepressus.

1. Seen from above.

2. Seen from actinal side.

3. Actinal floor removed, showing petaloid ambulacra connecting with the main cavity.

4. Abactinal part of test removed to show needle-like pillars of the actinal floor.

{Alt Jitjs. I natural size.)

A. Agassiz, Revision of the Frhini

P1.XI'=

A.Sonrej Photo.

Photo Plate Pnnt

PLATE XI''.

Echinaiithus rosaceus.

1. Seen from ;il)o\i', showing ramifications of water system.

2. S;uiie from actinal side.

3. Another specimen, in wliicli the actinal floor has been removed to show pillars and isolation of ambu-

lacra from the main cavity.

4. Another specimen-, showing teeth in situ, and the pores forming communication between the double

floor and the maiu cavity.

(^All Jigs, ^ natural size.)

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PLATE XI"*.

Echinanthus rosaceus, /. 1, 2.

1. Seen from abactinal pole, dcmuled, f nat. size.

2. LongituJiual section, showing pillars connecting the two floors, nat. size.

Mellita sexforis, /. 3.

3. Section, showing the course of the alimentary canal, nat. size.

Echinarachnius, parma, /. •#, 5.

4. Actinal floor removed, nat. size.

5. Another specimen, with the abactinal part of test removed, nat. size.

A. Agassiz. Revision of the tchini.

PI XI

vii

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Photo Plate Print

PLATE XI^

Clypeaster subdepressus, /. i, 2.

1. Seen from abactinal side, specimen with thick edge, | nat. size.

2. Seen from actiual side, specimen with thick edge, | nat. size.

Ecbinocyamus pusillus, / S.

3. Seen from above, magnified three diam.

Echinarachnius parma, f. 4, 5.

4. From actinal side, denuded, nat. size.

5. Same from abactinal side, nat. size.

.i GA^^iJZf i\fi'isioyi of rnr iic/iini.

Pi. AI*^

A.SOXEEI,. riiofo.

American rhoto-Ilclicf Co.^ IMntrrs, PhUn.

PLATE XI/.

Echinantbus rosaceus, / 1-lS.

1. Young specimen, from abactinal side, with spines, nat. size.

2. Part of petaloiJ ambulacrum of same magnified, sliowing the tentacles provided with suckers.

3. Portion of edge of test of same, showing the tentacles passing through the test outside of the regu-

lar poriferous zone.

4. Part of test of same, denuded, magnified.

5. Magnified portion of petaloid ambulacrum, pores connected by furrows.

6. First kind of tridactyle pedicellaria, with shaft, magnified.

7. Same closely contracted.

8. Terminal part of jaw of pedicellaria.

9. Pedicellaria closed, seen from above, magnified.

10. Second kind of globular pedicellaria carried upon a slender shaft and long contractile stem, mag-

nified.

11. Younger stage of same.

12. Young fan-shaped articulated spine, magnified greatly.

13. Somewhat younger spine.

14. Spine having all features of the spines of large, full-grown specimens, magnified.

15. Section of edge of a specimen, somewhat older, showing commencement of the double-chambereil

walls, ^ nat. size.
1«. Magnified p.irt of interambulacral part of test of same, showing the ambulacral pores discovered

by Miiller.
17. Portion of petaloid ambulacrum of adult specimen, nat. size.
IS. Magnified portion of same, to show the lobed tentacles of the petaloid ambulacra.

SpataUgus purpureus, / 19 -S2.

19. Magnified abactinal part of test of fig. 20.

20. Young specimen, from abactinal pole, | nat. size.

21. Same from actinal side.

22. Same seen in profile.

Agassizia excentrica, /. 23, 2f.

23. Same from abactinal pole, nat. size.

24. Seen in profile, nat. size.

Clypeaster subdepressus, f. S5.

25. Part of the poriferous zone of the actinal side of specimen measuring 25.4""- in diam., magnified.

A Agassiz, Revision of the Echini.

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AiexAgassiz,del

Print by H.W Longfellow

PLATE Xir.

Hchinarachnius parma, f. 1-13.

1. Young, from above, magnified ^^, elongated Echinometra-like.

2. The same from actinal side.

3. The same in profile.

4. Somewhat older than preceding, from above, \.

5. Older than fig. 4, from above, ^.

6. The same as fig. 5, from below, ^.

7. Rotula of specimen of fig. 4, magnified.

8. Rotula of specimen of fig. 6, magnified.

9. Older specimen, first trace of conjugation of pores, from above, \.

10. Still older than preceding, ambulacra petaloid, from above, 3^3.

11. Anal plate of anal system, fig. 9.

12'. Anal plates covering anal system, fig. 10.

12. Anal plates of specimen measuring 11.5""- in diam.

13. Young Echinarachnius 15.1""' in diam., having all main features of adult.

Eacope emarginata, f- 14- 25.

1 4. Young from above, in Moulinsia stage, ^.

15. Young from below, in Moulinsia stage, ^*, showing first trace of posterior lunule.

16. Abactiual part of ambulacrum of fig. 14, somewhat more magnified.

1 7. Young, posterior lunule seen from above, nat. size.

18. Part of fig. 17, from actinal side, somewhat magnified.

19. Part of test of same, from above, still more magnified.

20. Young Encope, from above, slight indentations, nat. size.

21. Part of test of same, from actinal side, magnified.

22. Older than fig. 20, deeper indentations and larger lunule, nat. size.

23. Posterior lunule and anus of fig. 22.

24. Encope older than fig. 22, with deeper indentations.

25. Anus and posterior lunule of fig. 24.

A.AgoLSsiz, Revision of the Echini .

PI XII.

'.RceCerh:hog-.

AlexJ^aa^iz del

Print.'byHW Long-fallow

jl

PLATE XII".

Mellita testudinata.

1. Actinal floor removed, showing interior cavity.

2. Actiiial ramifications of limestone floor.

3. Abactinal ramifications of limestone floor.

4. Abactinal system removed, showing actinal interior cavity.

{All Jigs. not. size.)

A.Agassi?,, Revision of the Echini.

Pl.XIl^

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Photo Plate Print

PLATE XII*.

Encope emarginata, /. 1-3.

1. Ramifications of interambiilacral part of abactinal limestone floor.

2. Part of test covering ambulacra removed, sliowing isolation of ambulacra from rest of the main

cavity.

3. Abactinal part of test removed, showing teeth in situ and course of the alimentary canal.

Encope Michelini, /. 4.

4. Section similar to fig. 3, to show differences of the interior cavity between the two species.

(All fifjs. f nal. size).

A. Agassiz, Revision cf ihe Echini.

Pl.XIL'

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Photo Plaia JvhiL

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I

PLATE XII^

Mellita testudinata, /. 1, 2.

1. Seen from abactinal side, nat. size.

2. Seen from actinal side, nat. size.

Encope Micheliui, / 3, 4.

3. Seen from above, f nat. size.

4. Seen from actinal side, to show the ramifications of the water system, § nat. size.

A. A&ASSIZ, JimHMon of tJu HeMni.

FjL. XI J c

A. SosHKL, Photo.

Anuriean Pholo-KcUcj (>>., tmitert, Phila.

PLATE XII''.

Encope emarginata, f. 1-3-

1. Seen from above, covered with spines, | nat. size.

2. Seen from actinal side, denuded, | nat. size.

3. Same as fig. 2, from abactinal side, | nat. size.

Clypeaster subdepressus, /. 4.

4. Young sjiecinien, nat. size, seen from above.

-J. ^{OAjSSJZ, Jiei-i.yioji of rnr r.cnir.i.

Px. A'JJ'^

A.SoscF.i,. noto.

American PItolo-Feliif Co., Piiuteu, PhUp.

I?

PLATE XIII.

Iichiuocyanius pusillus, f. 1-S.

1. Specimen seen from above, 4.74""- in diam.

2. IMagnified portion of test showing pores along sutures, same specimen as fig. 1.

3. Magnified portion of test, showing rosette and connection with sutural pores of same.

4. Same specimen from actinal side.

5. Anal plates of same.

6. Older specimen, measuring 7.5"". in diam., showing gieater development of rosette.

7. Section of specimen measuring 6.3""- in diam.

8. Anal plates of fig. 6.

Echinauthus rosaceus, f. 9.

9. Young Echinanthus rosaceus, from above, nat. size.

Clypeaster subdepressus, /. 10 - 18.

10. Young Clyp. prostratus, 15.4""- in diam. from above.

1 1 . Section showing interior edge of specimen.

12. Magnified portion of test of fig. 10.

13. Ambulacral petal and part of test of same.

14. Median interambulacral edge of test of specimen measuring 21. 7""- in diam.

1 5. Section of edge of same, showing trace of needle-like pillars.

16. Specimen, seen from abactinal side, nat. size.

1 7. Different specimen, showing structure of edge of test, nat. size.

18. Same from actinal side, nat. size. The bare part of test, near the ambulacral furrows, is not

quite distinctly enough marked in the figure.

A.Agassiz.Revision of the Echini

PIXIII.

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PLATE XIII".

Echinarachnius exoentricus, /. i - 4-

1. Interior view, the abactinal floor removed, | nat. size.

2. Interior view, the actinal floor removed, | nat. size.

3. Seen from the abactinal pole, | nat. size.

4. Seen from the actinal side, | nat. size.

Echinarachnius mirabilis, /. 5, 6.

5. Part of the abactinal floor removed to show the structure of the lower floor, nat. size.

6. Seen from the actinal side, nat. size.

A. Agassiz, Revision of the Echini.

PL XIIP.

i.^i*^

A. SONKEL, Plwtes.

BlERSTADT, Alberttypt.

-.'93iilq namoi:

PLATE XII P.

Arachnoides placenta, f. 1 - Jf.

1. Young specimen, from the actinal side, nat. size.

2. Same from above, nat. size.

3. Oilier specimen from the actinal side, | nat. size.

4. Same, with part of the abactinal floor removed, | nat. size.

Ecbinodiscus biforis, /. 5, 6,

5. Seen from the actinal side, nat. size.

6. Part of abactinal floor removed to show the internal structure, nat. size.

A. Agassiz, Rerision of the Echini.

PL Xlllb.

A. SONREL. Ph'Jiog.

BlERSTADT. Alberttype.

PLATE XIII^

Echinodiscus auritus, f. 1-3.

1. Seen from al)Ove, | nat. size.

2. Seen from below, | nat. size.

3. Part of abactinal floor removed to show the internal structure, | nat. size.

Hotula Augusti, /. 4, 5.

4. Seen from the actinal side.

5. Same seen from the abuctinal side.

Rotula Rumphii, /. 6, 7.

6. Seen from the abactinal side.

7. Seen from the actinal side.

{Figs. 4-7 natural size.)

A. Agassiz, Revision of the E:him.

PL xin*^

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A. SONREL. Pht^Cg.

i;ii:rstai>i Atb<ritjfi€.

it^ u'.ii .M

PLATE XIII'*.

Mellita Stokesii, /. 1.

1. Part of abactinal floor removed to show the internal structure, nat. size.

Astriclypeus Manni, /. 2-^.

3. Part of abactinal floor removed to show the structure of edge of test.

2. Seen from the actinal side.

4. The same, seen from the opposite side.

Encope grandis, /. 5, 6.

5. Seen from the abactinal pole.

6. Seen from the actinal side.

{Figs. 2-6 two thirds natural size.)

A. Agassiz, Revision of tlie Echini.

PL Xllld.

' /

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A. SONREL. Photog.

BlERSTADT. Albertfype.

PLATE XI I r.

Fibularia ovulum, f. 1 -3.

1. Seen from the aljactinal pole., |.

2. Same, from the actinal side.

3. Same, seen in profile.

Peronella Peronii, /. J/., 5.

4. Seen from the abaetinal side, nat. size.

5. Seen from the actinal side, nat. size.

Laganum Bonani, /. G, 7.

6. Seen from the abactinal pole, nat. size.

7. From the actinal side, nat. size.

Peronella decagonalis, f. 8 - 11.

8. Seen from the abactinal side, | nat. size.

9. Seen from the actinal side, j nat. size.

10. Abactinal floor removed to show the structure of the interior, | nat. size.

11. Young specimen, nat. size, showing interior not materially different from larger speci-

mens.

A. Agassiz, Revision of the Echini.

PI. XIII«.

A. SoNKKL. Photog.

F. Rll-RSTADT. Alhrrttypf.

PLATE XIII/.

Clypeaster scutiformis, f. 1 - Jf.

1. Seen from aliove, denufled.

2. Same seen from the actinal side.

3. Section slinwinj; internal structure of the abactinal side.

4. Section showing internal structure of the actinal side.

Laganum depressum, /. 5-8.

5. Seen from the abactinal side, denuded.

6. Same from the actinal side, denuded.

V. Seen from the abactinal side, covered with spines.

8. Section to show internal structure, actinal floor removed.

Fibularia australis, /. .'*, 10.

9. Seen from the abactinal side, -l|4-.
10. Seen from the actinal side, -ijS,.

{All Figs, not marked natural size.)

A. Agassiz, Revision of the Ediini.

PL XIIK,

A. So.NREL. Pho!og.

BiFvKSTAU'l, .Ubcrttype.

PLATE XIV.

Echinoneus semilunaris, /. i - 5.

1. Seen from above, partly with spines and tentacles.

2. Part of test, with spines, tentacles, and pedicellaria;, magnified.

3. Part of test without spines.

4. Actinostome and anal system.

5. Anal system, showing arrangement of plates when spines are removed.

Echinoneus cyclostomus, f. 6-S.

G. Anal and actinal systems, showing plates, in specimen 31.7"". in longitnd. diam.

7. Part of test magnified.

8. Young tubercles in specimen, 12.7"»- in longitud. diam.

Agassizia excentrica, /. 9 - 12.

9. Very young, measuring 6.2""- in diam., seen from above.

10. Same, seen from actinal side.

11. Ambulacral rosette of same specimen, more magnified.

12. Same in profile, to show fascicles.

A Agassiz,R.evisioa of the Echini.

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PRoetterlitho^

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Print. "byH.W-LongfcHaw.

PLATE XIV°.

Spatangus purpureus, /. 1.

1. Abactinal system, and part of ambulacral system, from interior of test, magnified l^'i.

Echinobrissus recens, /2-4.

2. Seen from abactinal pole, denuded, magnified |.

3. Same, from interior of test.

4. Actinal part of test, seen from interior.

Echinoneus cyclostomus, /. 5-iO.

5. Seen from abactinal pole, magnified s^'i.

6. Same seen from actinal side.

7. Same, abactinal part of test, seen from interior.

8. Same, actinal part of test, seen from interior.

9. Magnified cluster of tubercles of abactinal part of test.
10. Magnified cluster of tubercles of actinal part of test.

A Agassu Revision olLheKchiin.

PI XIV ^

Diclcnann et A Aeassiz z€i .

iifs AlberO^pe

PLATE XV.

Rhynchopygua caribaearum, I-4.

1. Section showing actinostome and lower jjart of test from interior, 4/^ in diam.

2. Satne, test denuded, from above, ij-s in diam.

3. Same, actinal side, sliowing bare pitted median band, 4^'i in diam.

4. Section showing abactinal part of test from the interior, i^. in diam.

Echinolampas Hellei, 5-11.

5. Seen ti-om above, nat. size.

C. Actinostome of same, enlarged, showing bourrelets and phyllodes, slightly inclined.

7. Anal system of same, enlarged.

8. Actinostome of same, somewhat less magnified than fig. G.

9. Actinostome, seen from interior of test, enlarged.

10. Abactinal system, seen from interior of test, enlarged.

11. Abactinal system, seen from above, enlarged.

A Aga.'joi:.:. i"it.'vuv.0ii m ihe ':c;ii;:!

'1 XV

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PLATE XV".

Rhynchopygus pacificus, /. 1, 2.

1. Partly denuded, seen from the abactinal side.

2. Same, seen from the actinal side.

Eupatagus Valenciennesii, /. 3, 4-

3. Seen from the abactinal side.

4. Seen from the actinal side.

Echinolampas Hellei, /. 5, 6.

5. From the abactinal pole.

6. From the actinal side.

Breynia Australasiae, /. 7-9.

7. Seen from above.

8. Seen in profile.

9. Seen from the actinal side.

(All Figs, ivataral size.)

A. Agassiz, Revision of the Echini.

PL XV^

-a » ^ ■ * ■•

A. SUNKEL. Photog.

li. BlBRSTADT, Albtrttype.

PLATE XVI.

Ijchinolampas depressa.

1. Young specimen, seen from above, 4.0°"' in diam.

2. Same, from the actinal side.

3. Same, seen in profile.

4. Magnified part of test of same.

5. Anal plates of same.

6. Part of ambulacral rosette of specimen measuring 7.9°"°- in diam., showing commencement

of petaloid ambulacra.

7. Ambulacral rosette of specimen measuring 12. 7""- in diam., somewhat more petaloid than

previous figure.

8. Young specimen, seen from above, measuring 12.7""- in diam.

9. Same, from actinal side.

10. Same, seen in profile.

11. Magnified part of test of same.

12. Still more magnified part of test of same.

13. Part of test of same, with spines and suckers fully expanded.

14. Anal plates of same.

15. Pedicellaria of same.

16. Spine of same from the interambulacral area.

17. Young Echinolampas depressa, nat. size, from above.

18. Same from actinal side.

19. Profile of same.

20. Magnified actinostome, showing first trace of bourrelets.

21. M;»j;nified part of ambulacral rosette of same.

22. Magnified part of petaloid portion of poriferous zone.

A. Agassiz, Revision of the Echini.

PI XVI.

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Pr:n,t,by H.W.Lon^eilow.

PLATE XVII.

Neolampas rostellata, f- 1- 12.

1. Specimen measuring 14. 7»"' in long, diam., seen from abactinal side.

2. Specimen measuring 14. 7""- in long, diam, seen from actiual side.

3. Specimen measuring 14. T™- in long, diam., seen in profile.

4. Showing tlie anal system and lube, further magnified.

5. Showing plates composing anal system.

6. Part of Fig. 4 in profile.

7. Part of test to show tubercles.

8. Part of test more enlarged.

9. Enlarged view of actinostome.

10. Spine.

11. Part of ambulacral tube.

12. Ovary, dry.

Homolampas fragilis, f. 13- 21.

13. From below, measuring 9.3"'°' in diam.

14. In profile, measuring 9.3""- in diam.

15. From above, measuring 9.3"°'- in diam.
IG. Magnified actinostome.

17. Fragment of specimen, measuring IS.S"""- in diam , showing Lovenia-like spines.

18. Part of test magnified.

19. Anal system and subanal fasciole.

20. Young gills adjoining actinostome.

21. Perforated crenulated tubercle, from anterior edge of test, magnified.

A.Agassis Rev]sion of the Echini.

PLXVII .

i

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-« ./ 9 a

-'a •/

P. Roetter lithog-

Aleac^Ag-assiz del-

Print.tyHWlDiigfellcw.

PLATE XVIII.

Pourtalesia miranda.

1. Seen in profile, magnified 3.5 in diam.

2. Same seen from actinal side.

3. Same seen firom abactinal side.

4. Same seen endways from the anterior extremity.

5. Posterior extremity, seen in profile, somewhat more magnified than preceding fig.

6. Posterior extremity, seen from the abactinal side.

7. Posterior extremity, seen obliquely from above to show anal opening.

8. Anterior extremity seen obliquely to show actinostome and odd anterior ambulacnim.

9. Magnified view of abactinal system, with expanded tentacles.

10. One of the long slender spines greatly magnified.

11. Imperforate crenulated tubercle, with broad scrobicular circle, carrying large spines.

1 2. Base of large spine seen in profile with attachment.

13. Base of large spine, with tubercle, showing mode of attachment to scrobicular circle.

14. One of the small flattened short spines of test, greatly magnified.

15. Extremity of one of the smaller fan-shaped spines like fig. 10, magnified.

16. Extremity of one of the large tridactyle pedicellariic, fully expanded, in profile.

1 7. Same from above.

18. Same contracted, from above.

19. A couple of the large tentacles of the odd anterior ambulacrum, magnified.

A Agassiz, Revision of the Echini.

Pl.XVlll

,!l

\,' ivwWmwiw

;:^5-T^^■ >^?7r^-

?*^;i;;

p. Roetter.lithoe;'-

Alex.A^assiz del .

IVinl. bvH.V/Lonefellov;

PLATE XIX.

Brissopsis lyrifera, /. 1 - 0.

1. Specimen, measuring 5.6""- in diam., from abactinal side.

2. Specimen, measuring 5. 6""- in diam., in profile.

3. Specimen, measuring 5.6"°- in diam., from actinal side

4. Older specimen, showing branch leading from subanal fascicle to peripetalous fasciole.

5. Posterior extremity, profile of same.
G. Profile of specimen measuring 22.5""-

7. Peripetalous fasciole of young specimen, measuring about 3.6""" in long, diam.; 4 : S pairs of

pores in anterior, 2 : 3 in posterior lateral ambulacra.

8. Peripetalous fasciole of specimen intermediate between figs. 7 and 9.

9. Peripetalous fasciole of specimen measuring 27. 9""' in long, diam., showing partial confluence

of lateral ambulacra.

Echiuocardium cordatum, /. 10 - 17.

10. Seen from abactinal side, measuring 7.9""- in long. diam.

11. Same from actinal side.

1 2. Outline in profile of same.

13. Actinostome of same magnified.

14. Anal and subanal fascicles of same.

15. Ambulacral rosette of same.

IG. Ambulacral rosette of older (fully grown) specimen, showing confluent lateral ambulacra.
17. Disconnected anal and subanal fascioles of sjjecimen of fig. IG.

AAeassiz Revision of the Eolrnu.

PLXK.

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P.Roetterlitllo^.

^esAg-a^siz del.

PrintbyH.W Longfeliovr.

IlilllJ

PLATE XIX«.

Agassizia scrobiculata, /. 1-3.

1. Seen from the abactinal pole, nat. size.

2. Same, seen in profile.

3. Same, seen from the actinal side.

Faorina chinensis, /. ^ - fi.

4. Seen from above, | nat. size.

5. Seen in profile, J nat. size.

6. Seen from the actinal side, | nat. size.

Ijintbia australis, /. 7-9.

7. Seen from the abactinal pole, nat. size.

8. Same, seen in profile, nat. size.

9. Same, seen from the actinal side, nat. size.

A. Agassiz, Revision of the Echini.

PL XIX^

.':^i^M!tt2^it

t'l'-'j/iirSt^.^

A. SONKEL, PhotOff.

E. BlERSTADT, Alberttype.

PLATE XIX"-.

Agassizia scrobiculata, f. 1-3.

1. Young specimen, seen from the abactinal side, -*j*-.

2. Same, seen in profile, -*j^.

3. Same, seen from the actinal side, -*j^.

ITucleolites epigonus, /. ^-6.

4. Seen from the ahactinal pole, -Ij^.

5. Seen from the actinal side, -^.

6. Seen in profile, -ij^-.

Maretia planulata, /. 7 - 12.

7. Denuded test, seen from the aljactinal side.

8. Same, seen from the actinal side.

9. Somewhat smaller, covered with spines, abactinal side.

10. Same, from the actinal side.

11. Young specimen, from the abactinal side.

12. Same specimen, from the actinal side.

{Figs. 7-12 natural size.)

A. AOASSIZ, Revision of Vie Ec}tinl.

-Pi. Jl JA'6-

A. SOSEEL, FhoiG.

A.-aerican Fhoto-KelieJ Co., Printers, Fhila.

PLATE XIX^

Lovenia elongata, /. 1-4-

1. Denuded, seen from above.

2. Same, from the actinal side.

3. Larger specimen, covered with spines, from the abactinal side.

4. The same, seen from the actinal side.

Spatangus purpureua, /. 5, 6.

5. Seen from the abactinal pole.

6. Seen from the actinal side.

{Figs. 1-4 natural size; 5, 6, three fourths natural size.)

A. AeASSIZ, JfeHalO)! of tJie Ec7tin{.

FX. XIXo-

A. SOKBEL, Fholo.

American I'holo-JidieJ Co., Printers, Fh\la.

PLATE XX.

Echinocardium pennatifidum, / 1, 2.

1. From above.

2. In profile.

Echinocardium flavescens, f. 3-4-

3. Seen from above.

4. Seen from actinal side.

Echinocardium cordatum, /. 5 - 7-

5. Seen from above.

6. Profile of same.

7. Actinal view of same.

Meoma veutricosa, _/l S.

8. Seen in profile, | nat. size.
(.4?/ Jigs, natural size, except fg. 8.)

A, AGASSIZ, JtefiaUm of the Jlehtni.

Pz,. XX.

A. SOSRKI.. rhntn.

Amrrirnn Phnfo-Felief Co., rrintern. Phila.

PLATE XXI.

Brissopsis lyrifera, / 1, 2-

1. Seen from actinal side, nat. size (from Norway).

2. Seen from above, nat. size.

Schizaster fragilis, / 5.

3. Seen from above, nat. size (from Norway).

Metalia pectoralis, f. 4, 5.

4. Seen from actinal side, f nat. size.

6. Seen from abactinal pole, f nat. size.

A. AOASaiZ, ^eviaUm of fhf Erliini.

Pi. XXI.

A. So.VHEL, Phnto.

Ameriran Photo-Kelief Co., PrinterK, Phi/n.

PLATE XXI°.

Brissus carinatus, /. 1-3.

1. Seen from above, denuded.

2. Same, in profile.

3. Same, seen from the actinal side.

Metalia stern alls, /. 4-S.

4. Seen from the abactinal pole,

5. Seen from the actinal side.

{All Figs, two thirds natural size.)

A. Agassiz, Revision of the Ecliini.

PI. XXP.

m

i?4-:

•■■* *« ••*.- •■■■■■•

**;^- ••.■..■

/

A. SOXREL. P/u/t>g:

BlERSTADT, Alberllyfe.

PLATE XXI».

Echinobrissus receus, /. 1, 2.

1. Seen from the actinal side, Jj5-.

2. Same, from tlie abactinal pole, ^^.

Platybrissus Roemeri,/. 3, 4-

3. From the abactinal side, nat. size.

4. From the actinal side, nat. size.

liintbia australis, /. 5-7.

5. Seen from the abactinal side, nat. size.

6. Same, from the actinal side, nat. size.

7. Same, seen in profile, nat. size.

Metalia maculosa,/. S, 9.

8. Seen from the actinal side, f nat. size.

9. From the abactinal pole, f nat. size.

A. Agassiz, Revision of the Echini.

PL XXIb.

-.tsafe

t^m-

A. SONREL, Photog.

BlERSTADT, Alberttype.

PLATE XX P.

Hemiaster cavernosus, /. 1, 3.

1. Seen from above.

2. Same, seen from the actinal side.

Hemiaster australis, /. 3.

3. Seen from the abactinal side.

Tripylus excavatus, /. 4-

4. Seen from the abactinal pole.

Metalia sternalis, /. 5 - 9.

5. Seen from above covered with spines ; young specimen.

6. Seen from the actinal side denuded.

7. Same, seen in profile.

8. Same, seen from the abactinal pole.

9. Section to show internal structure of the abactinal side.

(All Figs, natural size.)

A. Agassiz, Revision of the Echinf.

PI. XXP

*«NiV,

A. SONREL, PkotO^.

BlERSTADT, Albtittype.

PLATE XXII.

Brissus unicolor, /. 1, °i.

1. Seen from abactinal pole, nat. size.

2. Seen from actinal side, nat. size.

Meoma ventricosa, / 3, 4.

3. Seen from abactinal pole partly denuded, | nat. size.

4. Seen from aetinal side, | nat. size.

.1. AOAaSIX, JieriMon of tint XcMni.

PL. XXIJ.

A. SOSBEL, Photo.

American Photo-neliej Co., P^-intcrs, Phila.

PLATE XXIII.

Moira atropos.

1. Horizontal section, showing arrangement of plates round actinostome.

2. Longitudinal section.

3. Horizontal section, showing the petaloid ambulacra as seen from the interior of test.

4. Seen from actinal pole.

5. Seen from abactinal pole.
G. Profile.

CAU Jtffn. nat. size.)

A. AaASSIZ, JirrisiDn of Vie JEehini.

rz. AAiJi.

A. SOSREL. Photo.

American Photo-Re',ief Co., Ti infers, rhila.

PLATE XXII I".

Schizaster canaliferus, f. 1-3.

1. Seen in profile.

2. Same, seen from the actinal side.

3. Same, seen from the abactinal pole.

Rhynobrissus pyramidalis, f. J^-G.

4. Seen in profile.

5. Same, seen from the actinal side.

6. Same, seen from the abactinal pole.

{All Figs, natural size.)

A. Aa.lSSIZ, KeriaJoH of iJie i"c7ii>ii.

Pi. XXIII"-

A. SOSBEL, Photo.

American Fhoto-BclieJ Co., Frintere, Fhila.

Stomopneustes variolaris, /. .;/, ,'?Z

31. Interior of lai^e-heaileJ, long-sterameil iiiteraiiiliuluinil |nilici'llaii;u
3^. Interior of prong of a stout, short-stemmed actiiuil iiedicellaiia.

Echiuothriz calamaris, /. S3 - 30.

33, 34, 36. Interior views of single prongs of large-headed, long-stemmed interambulacral pedicellaria)
of different sixes, ij*.
35. Limestone rod of interior of stem.

Centiostephanus Rodgersii,/. 37, ST.

37. Tip of prong of large-headed, long-stemmed pedieellaria, ^i.
37'. Interior of stout-headed, short-stemmed actinal pedieellaria, ■'^.

Diadema setosum,/. 3S-39.

38, 38'. Interior of prong of large-headed, long-stemmed pedieellaria.

39. Small, short-stemmed actinal pedieellaria.

Astropyga radiata, /. JfO.

40. Profile of prong of long-stemmed, large-headed actinal pedieellaria.

(Unless otherwise mentioiied, all figures are magnified about twenty diameters.)

i^rilaA

PLATE XXIV.

Dorocidaris papillata, f. 1 - 8.

1, 2, 3, 4. Different stages of the long-stemmed, slender ambulacrul pedicellarite.
3". Internal viaw of Fig. 3, the front prong removed.

5. One of the short-stemmed, stout jiedicellariw of the abactinal system.

6. Internal view of one of the prongs of Fig. 5.

7. One of the short, long-stemmed ambulacral pedicellarise.

8. Side view of one of the prongs of Fig. 7.

FhyUacanthus baculosa, /. 9.

9. Interior view of one of the forks of a short, long-stemmed ambulacral pedicellma.

Fhyllacanthns dubia,/. 10.

10. Interior view of one of the forks of a short, long-stemmed ambulacral pedicellaria.

Porocidaris purpurata, /. 11.

11. Head of one of the short, long-stemmed ambulacral pedicellariae.

Goniocidaris geranioides, /. 12, 13.

12. Internal view of one of the short-stemmed interambulacral pedicellariae.

13. Outside view of same.

Astbenosoma varium, /. 14-

14. Terminal portion of one of the forks of a long-stemmed interambulacral pedicellaria.

Strongylocentrotus Drobachiensis, /. 15 -2^.

15. Side view of prong from one of the large-headed, long-stemmed pedicellariaj.

16. Interior view of same.

17. Interior of a prong of younger pedicellaria.

18. Profile of one of prongs of Fig. 24.

19. Interior of prong of a stout-headed actinal pedicellaria.

20. Limestone rod of stem of large-headed pedicellaria.

21. Interior of prong of young actinal pedicellaria.

22, 23. Interior of prong of two stages of large-headed pedicellariae.

24. Tridactyle, long-stemmed interambulacral pedicellaria.

Strongylocentrotus Uvidus, /. 25.

25. Profile of large-headed, long-stemmed interambulacral pedicellaria.

Strongylocentrotus nudus, /. 2G - 30.

26. Interior of prong of long-stemmed, large-headed interambulacral pedicellaria.

27. One of the stout-headed, short-stemmed actinal pedicellarise.

28, 29. Interior and profile of prong of a large-headed, long-stemmed pedicellaria somewhat
younger than Fig. 26.
30. Interior of a prong of a still younger pedicellaria.

A Agassi z, Revisionof Lhe Echini.

PI, XXIV.

p. Roeller,lilhog.

Alex Aga.*5siz,del

Prmtby H.W Lcmgfaiow.

Echinocardium mediterraneum, /. ^'9, JO.

•20. Tip of lU'DUj; of lony-lKjadcd [UMliifllai-iu.

30. Single prong of opL'n-lifuded jjediccllaiia.

Lovenia elongata, /. "1.

31. Profile of long-headed inteiaiiiljulacral pedicellaria.

Breynia Australasiae, /. ,1J.

32. Interior of prong of an interanilmlacral pedicellaria.

Maretia planulata,/. 33, 34.
33, 34. Profile and interior of prong of long-stemnied pedicellaria.

Spatangus Raschi, /. 35.

35. Interior of prong of stout-headed, short-stemmed pedicellaria.

Brissus carinatus, /. 30, 37.
36, 37. Profile and interior of loiig-lieaded pedicellaria.

Echinarachnius parma, /. 38 - 41.

38, 39, 40, 41. Different stages of bifid marginal pediceUariae.

{All Figs, mafjnijied about twenty diameters unless othencisc stated.)

estairsuo ■ -•• -T

tsiioaqc:; ■'!'

: udlasaidaS

i^tauibiaoo:,

w. PLATE XXV.

Temnopleurus Hard'wickii, /. 1, 3.

1. Interior of prong of stout-headed, short-steninied actinal pedicellaria.

2. Profile of prong of open-headed, long-stemmed uiteranibulacral pedicellaria.

Phymosoma crenulare, f. 3 - 5.

3. Stout-headed, short-stemmed actinal pedicellaria.

4. Profile of single prong of open-headed, long-stemmed interarabulaeral pedicellaria.

5. Profile of large-headed, long-stemmed interambulacral pedicellaria. •_;;

Hipponoe variegata,/. 6, 7.

6. Profile of prong of large-headed, long-stemmed interamliulacral pedicellaria.

7. Interior of prong of stout, short-stemmed actinal pedicellaria.

Pseudoboletia graniilata, /. S- iO.

8. Interior of prong of a long-headed, long-stemmed interambulacral pedicellaria.

9. Interior of prong of a stout, short-stemmed actinal pedicellaria.

10. Tip of open-headed, long-stemmed interambulacral pedicellaria.

Bchinus miliaris, /. 11.

11. Interior of prong of long-headed, long-stemmed interambulacral pedicellaria.

Echinus acutus, /. 12 - 16.

12, 13. Long-headed, long-stemmed interambulacral pedicellaria, i^'^-.

14. Interior of prong of a stout, short-stemmed pedicellaria, ^-.

15. End view of base of same.

16. Single prong of open-headed, long-stemmed interambulacral pedicellaria.

Toxopneustes variegatus, /. 17-19.

17. Prong of open-headed, long-stemmed pedicellaria.

IS. Prong of long-headed, long-stemmed interambulacral pedicellaria.

19. Prong of stout, short-stemmed actinal pedicellaria.

Toxopneustes pileolus, /. 20, 21.

20. Single prong of open-headed, long-stemmed pedicellaria.

21. Single prong of stout, short-stemmed actinal pedicellaria.

Echinanthus rosaceus, /. 22. 23.
22, 23. Profile and interior of interambulacral pedicellaria.

Clypeaster subdepressus, /. 2Ji, 25, 25'.

21. Interior of prong of a stout-headed, long-stemmed pedicellaria.
2'). Stem of base of Fig. 24.
25'. Profile of stout-headed pedicellaria of Fig. 24.

Echinocardium flavesceni,/. 2G, 26.

2')'. Long-stemmed actinal pedicellariv.
201. Long-headed, long-stemmed interambulacral [ledicellaria.

Echinocardium cordatum, /. 27, 2,1.

27. Interior of prong of a long-headed, long-stemmed interambulacral pedicellaria.
2S. Tip of calcareous rod supporting head.

AAgassiz, Revision of the Echini.

P1.XXV.

P Roetter.Ulhog

Alex- Agassiz, del.

Pnnlby H.W Longfellow.

Meoma ventricosa, /. SI - 3^.

31, 32. Interior ami innlilr of proiij,' of u loiifjj-lu^iuk'd, long-stemmed pedicellaria.
33, 34. Profile and iutiiiur nl' prong of u stout-headed, short-steiiiniiMl pedicLdlam.

Lovenia elongata, /. 35, SG.
35, 36. Interior and profile of proiii,' of a stout-headed pedicellaria.

Brissus carinatus,/. 3S.

38. Profile of prong of a stout-he.ided pedicellaria.

Schizaster Philippii,/. 1,0, 41.

40. Interior of prong of long-headed pedicellaria.

41. Profile of prong of stout-headed pedicellaria.

Schizaster fragilis,/. 4^.

42. Interior of prong of stout-headed pedicellaria.

{All Figs. Tnagnified about twenty diameters.)

ujiuqii;

smosM

PLATE XXVI

M

Heteiocentrotus mammiUatus, /. i, 2.

1. Long-headed, long-stemmed interambulacral pedicellaria.

2. Profile of prong of pedicellaria older than Fig. 1.

Arbacia punctulata, f. 3~7.

3. Long-stemmed pedicellaria.

4. Short-stemmed pedicellaria.

5. Single prong of Fig. 3, in profile.

6, 7. Rudimentary spines in bare interambulacral space.

Iichiuometra viridis, f.S- 10.

8. Interior of prong of stout, short-stemmed actinal pedicellaria.

9. Profile of long-headed, long-stemmed interambulacral pedicellaria.

10. Interior of prong of open-headed, long-stemmed interambulacral pedicellaria.

Iicbinometra subangularis, /. 11 - 13.

11. Young, long-headed, long-stemmed pedicellaria.

12. Interior view of prong of pedicellaria older than Fig. 11.

13. Interior view of prong of pedicellaria still older than Fig. 12.

Heterocentrotus trigonarius, /. H.

14. Open-headed, long-stemmed pedicellaria, single prong.

I!cbinarachnius parma, /. 15 - 18.

15, 16, 17, 18. Difierent attitudes of various bifid marginal pedicellaria.

Echinocardium mediterraneum, /. 19.

19. Interior of prong of open-headed actinal pedicellaria.

Breynia Australasiae, /. 20.

20. Interior of prong of long-stemmed actinal pedicellaria.

Maretia planulata, /. 21, 22.
21, 22. Interior and profile of prong of long-stemmed pedicellaria.

Spatangus Raschi, /. 23.

23. Interior of large-headed, short-stemmed pedicellaria.

Spatangus purpureus, /. 2i - 27.

24. Large-headed actinal pedicellaria.

25. Interior of prong of Fig. 24.

26, 27. Prong of long-headed, long-stemmed pedicellaria.

Meoma nigra, /. 2S - 30, 37.

28, 29. E.\terior and profile of stout-headed pedicellaria.
30. Interior of long-headed, long-stemmed pedicellaria.
37. Large stout-headed pedicellaria.

A- Aeassiz, Revision of LheEchim

PI XXVI.

P.Roetter.lidiog.

,4!ex-Agassii tiel

Print byHW-Longfellovr,

PLATE XXVII.

Strongylocentrotus Drdbachiensis, 1 - J^.

1. Interior of test, section of test across the equator, a, auricles ; j, soft part of jaw ;

m, muscles supportinj,' pyramid ; i , oesophagus ; i", part of intestine attached to
broad fiat mesentery ; i, abactinal loop of intestine across ambulacra ; i'", i'^"-, loops
of intestine, nearer anal extremity, filled with pellets ready to be cast out ; '?, actinal
loop of intestine.

2. Interior of abactinal part of test, showing the ovaries, o, o', and origin of stone canal ;

«, a", a", anibulacral plates ; ia, ia", iuterambulacral plates ; z" z" , z" a'", porif-
erous zones.

3. Interior of abactinal part of test, showing position of intestine and ovaries ; o, o', o",

o'", o"'-, o', ovaries ; % , part of intestine leading to anal opening ; i", one of the
loops of the digestive canal.

4. The abactinal part of the test removed. (/, genital ring ; o, o , o" , o"\ ovaries ;

i, i", i", loops of intestine.

Diadema setosum, .5.

5. Showing course of intestine, abactinal part of test removed, a, auricles ; m, m, muscles

of attachment of pyramid to the auricles ; c, c , bracket supporting muscles extending
to auricles ; i", oesophagus attached to flat mesentery : i, i' , i'", flat folds of intestine.

Echinanthus rosaceus, G.

6. Interior of part of test showing one of the petals, g g, genital ring with tubes leading

to ovaries, o, o ; a , median ambulacral space ; 2, inner edge of poriferous zone ;
a", ambulacral pores beyond petal ; a'", row of pores of petals.

{All Figs, natural size except 6, which is tioo thirds natural size.)

The Drawings are made from preparations by A. AGASSIZ and N. BOWDITCH.

A.Aeassiz Revision of the Echini

PI

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PLATE XXVIII.

Echinanthus rosaceus, 1, 2.

1. Interior of test, the lower floor removed, j, /; pits upon which jaws articulate on

the auricles ; /', line of junction of adjacent parts of pyramid ; o, o', o", o'", part of
ovaries which have been forced between the intestine and the jaws ; i', commence-
ment of intestine, passin;:; to i", then to i, i'", V^-, v", to the anal opening ; v, v, v",
main vessel following the course of the intestine.

2. Abactinal floor removed, a v, ambulacral vessel ; v', vessel following the course of the

intestine ; av to v, oesophagus ; i", i'", i'^; i, f, course of the intestine ; o, o,
o", o", o"^; ovaries ; j, f, line of junction of adjacent parts of the pyramid ;
P; P; P'> partition separating the intestinal cavity from the main actiual cavity.

Cidaris tribuloides, 3, 4-

3. Abactinal part of test and ovaries removed, a, anal opening ; i, i', i", i'", i'^-,

intestine.

4. Abactmal part of test removed, g, genital ring ; o, o', ovaries ; i, i', loops of intestiae.

Ciadema setosum, 5.

5. Section across equator showing abactinal part of interior, o, o, o", d" , o'^; d', d,
ovaries ; i, i', i", i'", i'^; abactinal loops of intestiue.

Arbacia pustulosa, 6.

6. Abactinal part of test and ovaries removed, j, jaws ; s, stone canal ; a, anal opening ;
i % , i", i'", loops of intestine.

{Figs. 1, 2, tioo thirds natural size; Figs. 3-6, tiatural size.)

The Drawings are made from preparations by A. AGASSIZ and N. BOWDITCH.

A.Agajssiz Revision of the Echini.

pi.xxvni.

P Roetter.litho^

Printby H WLongfeilov.

.PLATE XXIX.

Clypeaster subdepressus.

1. (Upper figure.) Abactinal part of test seen from the interior, to show the position of the

ovaries and principal partition (p) between the anibiilacral and digestive cavities,
0, 0, o', o", o'", o'^; 0^, ovaries ; a, median ambulacral space? ; a,j, ambulacral furrows
of petals ; g, g, genital tubes leading to ovaries ; fi", pit leading to anal opening ;
IV, attachment of stone canal.

2. (Lower figure.) Abactinal part of test removed, to show the trend of alimentary canal ;

■m', entrance to oesophagus ; i", termination of cesophagus leading to digestive canal,
i'", i" ; i", point of flexure of canal to i, leading to anal opening, a" ; /ij), partition ; g,
genital tubes leading to ovaries ; i>, v, vessel along oesophagus and intestine ; j, lateral
half of pp-amid ; f, central line of contact ; /', median part ; /", basal portion ; r,
rotule.

{Both Figs, natural size.)

The Drawings are made from preparations by A. AGASSIZ and JAMES E. MILLS.

I

A.Agassiz Revision of the Echini.

PI XXIX

P.RpeUer.liihog--

Prmt.'bjHW. Long-fellow

PLATE XXX.

Clypeaster subdepressus.

1. (Upper figure.) The lower floor is removed, to show the course of the alimentary canal,

I, ?', to its reflex point, i", where it runs to i, and ends at o", the anal opening ;
0, 0, 0, 0, ovaries forced to the lower floor ; i; vessel following course of alimentary
canal ; g, line of contact of adjacent pyramids of jaws ; j, lateral edges of same ;
j°, pits for auricles.

2. (Lower figure.) Section to show interior of lower floor, the alimentary canal and jaws

removed ; o, ovaries ; a", auricles ; a, a, a', median ambulacral tube ; a", a" , a", a",
lateral ambulacral plates ; i", i", interambulacral plates ; j, circular ring ; p, par-
titions ; a", aual opening.

(Both Figs, natural size.)

The Drawings are made from preparations by A. AGAS5IZ and JAMES E. MILLS.

A Ag;assiz Revision of the Echini

PI. XXX

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Pl-mt-byH.W Longfellow

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PLATE XXXI.

Schinaracbnius parma.

1. Seen from above, with spines and suckers expanded. Nat. size.

2. Actinal floor removed to show course of alimentary canal and of the principal vessel

sending branches to the water-tubes both in the ambulacral and interambulacral
spaces.

3. Part of edge of test of youug specimen, with suckers and pedicellarise ; measuring G"""-

4. Part of ambulacral petal of young specimen measuring 6°"°-

5. Ambulacral tubes of petaloid jiortion of adult specimen.

6. Ambulacral suckers of petaloid portion of same specimen as Fig. 3.

V, 8, 9. Different views of ambulacral suckers from petaloid portion of adult specimen.

10. Water-tubes from the median ambulacral part of the petals.

11. Water-tubes from the interambulacral space.

12. Terminal disk of the suckers of the ambulacra from the petaloid portion.

1.3. Single ambulacral sucker of petal to show the mode of junction of the two parts of the
suckers leading from the ambulacral pores.

14. Part of the ambulacral edge of the mouth showing the simple suckers of the buccal

rosette (from young specimen. Fig. 3).

15. The two large buccal tentacles, somewhat more magnified, same as Fig. 14.

16. Spine of edge of test of Fig. 3, magnified.

17. One of the pedicellaria; of the edge of the test of Fig. 3.

A.Agassiz Revision of the Echini.

PI, XXXI.

P-Kcoit^Iidiog.

Alscc. Ag'osflir i^-

Print byHWI-nngfellcrw

PLATE XXXII.

Rhynchopygus pacificus, 1-10.

1. Abactinal part of the test removed, to show the position of the upper part of the diges-

tive cavity, i", anal part of digestive cavity (intestine proper) ; i"*, diverticuhi of
intestine near the actinostome (see Fig. 5). Digestive cavity runs from i"" to j",
parallel with the actinal floor (see Fig. 3), turns upon itself at the anterior extremity
to i", passes under intestine i' to i'", and leads to anal opening by i".

2. Shows the position of the four lateral genital branches.

3. Shows the course of the digestive cavity parallel to the actinal floor (actinal part of

test removed) the oesophagus widens rapidly at i'', wliich sends out the diverticula
(Figs. 1 i*, 5 i<^) to the broad digestive cavity i'i' ; at i" it turns upon itself and opens
into the broader stomach i" %" of Fig. 1. A mesentery extends completely across
the actinal floor, and is edged by a vessel v.

4. Section showing in profile the successive course of the digestive cavity i" i" i", the

position of the ovaries o, and of the stone-canal c.

5. The interior of the test round the actinostome, showing the phyllodes and the trend of

the oesophagus leading to the diverticula i'*, wliich is over the odd ambulacral region.

6. Ambulacral tube from petaloid portion, from above.

7. Same as Fig. 6 in profile.
8, 9, 10. Sucker of phyllodes.

Metalia sternalis, 11, 13.

11. Part of test round actinostome showing the large pouch of actinostome running to the

oesophagus, extending over the odd interambulacral space.

12. Interior of test round abactinal pole, showing the position of the four ovaries.

Palaeostoma mirabilis, 13-15.

13. Seen from above (n. s.), copied from Gray.

14. Actinostome.
1"). Anal pyramid.

Echiuocardium pennatifidum, IG.

16. One of the pedunculated amlnilacral suckers rmuul the actinostome.

Spatangus purpureus, 17, If!.

17. Abactinal part of test removed, n". anal extremity of alimentary canal ; i i', intestine ;

i', diverticidura (anus aliove).

15. Actinal floor removed, a, oesophagus ; i'i", digestive canal ; v, vessel communicating

from ambulacral system with the water-system ; s, limestone support near actino-
stome for support of main mesentery (mouth anterior).

17, 18 copied from Hoffmann, two thirds natural size.

(Fiff.'i. 1-4, 11, 12, natural size ; others magnified.)
All Figs, not otherwise credited, drawn from nature by A. AGASSIZ.

A.Ag-assiz Revision of the Echini.

PI, xxxn.

"^ ^w\i g

P.Roetterlithog-

ATcx.Agassiz iel

Print .^yH.W.Longfellow

PLATE XXXIII.

Rhynchopygus paci&cus,/. 1, 2.

1. Interior view of actinal surface.

2. Interior view of abactinal surface. '

Laganum depressum, f. 3, J^.

3. Interior view of actinal floor.

4. Interior \'iew of abactinal surface.

Rotula August!,/. 5.

5. Seen from above, to show the actinal floor.

Echinocardium cordatum, /. G.

6. Abactinal part of the anterior odd ambulacrum seen from the interior of the test

Schizaster caualiferus, /. 7.

7. Petals seen from, the interior of the test.

{All Figs, natural size.)

A. Agassiz, Revision of the Echini,

PL XXXIII.

»aSifinataSj6

A. SONKEL. Pfiotog.

J. K, !■-, 1, i: . ., , /A ,■,,..•,/,.

PLATE XXXIV.

Meoma grandis, /. 1, 2.

1. Interior of abactinal surface, to show the petals.

2. Interior of test, to show the actinal floor.

Spatangus purpureus, /. 3, 4.

3. Interior of abactinal surface, to show the petals.

4. Interior of test, to show the actinal floor.

{All Figs, three fourths natural size.)

A. Agassiz, Revision of the Echini.

PL XXXIV.

j ..•.VJ,;.

\J

A. SOXREL, Photos.

J. R. OSGOOD & Co., Heliotype.

PLATE XXXV.

1. Cidaris tribuloides. Longitudinal section of base of large primary interambulacral spine.

2. Cidaris Thouarsii. Transverse section of shaft of large primary interambulacral spine.

3. Cidaris metularia. Transverse section of shaft of large primary interambulacral spine.

4. Phyllacanthus baculosa. Longitudinal section of base of large primary interambulacral

spine.

5. Goniocidaris geranioides. Transverse section of shaft of large primary interambulacral

spine.

6. Transverse section of shaft of spine of Acrosalenia from the Jurassic formation.

7. Arbacia spatuligera. Transverse section near base of large primary interambulacral spine.

8. Arbacia punctulata. Longitudinal section of large primary interamliulacral spine.

9. Arbacia puuctulata. Transverse section near tip of shaft of large primary interambula-

cral spine.

Eohinothriz calamaris, /. 10-15.

10. Longitudinal section of base of large primary interambulacral spine.

11. Transverse section of Fig. 10 near base.

12. Transverse section of Fig. 10 near middle of shaft.
1.3. Longitudinal section of small interambulacral spine.

14. Longitudinal section of part of small ambulacral spine.

15. Transverse section of ambulacral spine.

16. Salenia varispina. Transverse section of large primary interambulacral spine.

A. Agassiz, Revision of the Echini,

PL XXXV.

«

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A. SOXREL, y/w/iitr.

J. K. OSCOUU & Co., lU-liotyfir.

PLATE XXXVI.

1. Ecbinometra lucunter. Transverse section of shaft of primary intpramlnilacral spine.

2. Stomopueustes variolaris. Transverse section of shaft of primary interamV.ulacral spine.

3. Longituilinal st-ctinn f)f primary interamhulacral spine of Stomopneustes variolaris.

4. Strongylocentrotus tuberculatus. Transverse section of primary interamliulacral spine.

5. Echiuometra oblonga. Lonj^itudinal section of primary- interamhulairal spine.

6. Colobocentrotus atratus. Longitudinal section of primary interanilnihicral spine from

aniliitus.

7. Longitudinal section of short ahactinal primary interambulacral spine of Colobocentrotus

atratus.

8. Heterocentrotus mammillatus. Transverse section of shaft of large primary interambu-

lacral spine.

9. Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Transverse section of primary- interamhulacral spine.

10. Phymosoma crenulare. Longitudinal section of large primary interamhulacr.al spine.

11. Transverse section of primarj- interamhulacral spine of Phymosoma crenulare.

12. Hemipedina cubensis. Transverse section of large primary interambulacral spine.

13. Trigonocidaris albida. Transverse section of large primary interambulacral spine.

14. Temnopleurus Hardwickii Longitudinal section of primary interambulacral spine.

A. Agassiz, Revision of the Echini.

PL XXXVI.

'Jl~ ' ■" 'i^UiZi

.^

14

i

5^

A. SONREL, Photos.

J. R, Osgood & Co. Helictype.

PLATE XXXVII.

1. Mellita testudinata. Club-shaped spines of the abactiiial svirface.

2. Mellita testudinata. Sjiines of the actinal surface.

3. Peronella decagonalis. .Spines of the actinal surface.

4. Echinodiscus biforis. Club-shaped spine of the abactinal surface.

5. Echinodiscus biforis. Transverse section of same.

6. Echinodiscus biforis. Transverse section of smaller spine.

7. Echinarachnius mirabilis. Spine of abactinal surfoce.

8. Echinarachnius mirabilis. Transverse section of same.

9. Echinanthus rosaceus. Longitudinal section of spine.

10. Echinanthus rosaceus. Transverse section of same.

11. Echinanthus rosaceus. Magnified base of spine.

12. Rhynchopygus pacificus. Transverse section of spine near ambitus.

13. Maretia planulata. Transver.se section of long spine from abactinal surface.

14. Marieta planvilata. Spines of abactinal interambulacral surface.

15. Echinocardium australe. Transverse section of abactinal interambulacral spine.

16. Spatangus purpureus. Longitudinal section of abactinal interambu^lacral spine.

17. Lovenia elongata. Tip of one of the serratetl spines of the abactinal surface.

18. Lovenia elongata. Small, curved, and spathiform spine of actinal surface.

19. Brissus unicolor. Interambulacral spine from the abactinal surface.

20. Metalia sternalis. Interambulacral spines from the abactinal surface.

A. Agassiz, R«Tision of the EoUm,

PI. XXXVII.

A. SONREL, P/u?;og.

J. R. Osgood & Co., Hetiolyfe.

iiSBS

PLATE XXX Yin,

1.

2.

2a -c.

3.

4, 5, 6.

7, 8, 9.

10.

10" -r.

11.

12.

12"-''.

12'-'".

13.

14, 14^-''.

14a -4.

15.
16, 17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

22^

22" - '>.

23.
24, 25.

26.

27.

28.

28'.

29.

30, 30«, 31.

32, .33.

34, 35.

36 -3S.

Cidaris Thouarsii. A plate of disk froiu aiiilmlacral tube.

Cidaris Thouarsii. Siiicule, I'roni amliulacral tul)f.

Cidaris tribuloides. Siiicules from mesentery of intestine. (Stewart.)

Diadema mexicanum. Plate from ambulacral tubes.

Diadema mexicanum. Spicules from ambulacra! tube.

Astlienosoma hystrix. Spicules from ambulacral tubes.

Arbacia punctulata. Plate from amljulacral tube.

Arbacia pustulosa. Spicules from ambulacral tube. (Perrier.)

Colobocentrotus atratus. Plate from ambulacral tube.

Coloboceutrotus atratus. Spicule from ambulacral tube.

Echinometra. Spicules from ovaries. (Stewart.)

Echinometra. Spicules from ambulacral tubes. (Stewart.)

Strongylocentrotus Drobachiensis. Plate from amliulacral tube.

Strongylocentrotus Drobachiensis. Spicules from ambulacral tubes.

Strongylocentrotus Drobachiensis. Spicules from ovaries.

Toxopneustes pileolus. Plate from ambulacral tube.

Spicules from ambulacral tubes.
Plate from ambulacral tube.
Spicule from amljulacral tube.
Plate from ambulacral tube.
Interambulacral abactinal perlicellaria.
Interambulacral abactinal peilicellaria.
Plate from ambulacral tube.
Spicules from ovaries. (Stewart.)
Plate from amliulacral tube.

Sjiicules from actinal ambulacral tubes of phyllodes.
Echinoneus semilunaris. Spicule from ambulacral tube.
Lovenia elongata. Spicule from actinal ambulacral tube of phyllodes.
Lovenia elongata. Interior view of part of actinal floor.
Lovenia elongata. Interior view of lateral interambulacral space.
Metalia maculosa. Spicules from actinal amlmlacral tubes of phyllodes.
Echinobrissus recens. Spicules from ambulacral tubes. (Perrier.)
Echinocardium flavescens. Spicules from amljulacral tubes. (Perrier.)
Spatangus purpureus. Spicules from ambulacral tubes. (Perrier.)
Brissopsis lyrifera. Spicules from ambulacral tubes. (Perrier.)

Toxopneustes pileolus.
Phymosoma crenulare.
Phvmosoma crenulare.
Amblypneustes griseus.
Amblypneustes griseus.
Mespilia globulus.
Mespilia globulus.
Mespilia globulus.
Salmacis globator.
Meoma ventricosa.

A. A^assiz Revision of the Echir;

PIXXXVIH

P Roetter liihc-gr

Pr-.nl.Vr H.WLongfeUov.

Hjirvard MCZ Library

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